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Paine, Robert Treat, 3d

(Encyclopedia) Paine, Robert Treat, 3d, 1933–2016, American ecologist, b. Cambridge, Mass., Ph.D. Univ. of Michigan, 1961. He was on the faculty of the Univ. of Washington from 1962 to 1998. Paine's…

More, Henry

(Encyclopedia) More, Henry, 1614–87, English philosopher, one of the foremost representatives of the school of Cambridge Platonists. His writings emphasized the mystical and theosophic phases of that…

mores

(Encyclopedia) moresmoresmôrˈāz [key], concept developed by William Graham Sumner to designate those folkways that if violated, result in extreme punishment. The term comes from the Latin mos (…

complementarity principle

(Encyclopedia) complementarity principle, physical principle enunciated by Niels Bohr in 1928 stating that certain physical concepts are complementary. If two concepts are complementary, an…

hegemony

(Encyclopedia) hegemonyhegemonyhĭjĕmˈənē, hē–, hĕjˈəmōˌnē, hĕgˈə– [key], [Gr.,=leadership], dominance, originally of one Greek city-state over others, the term has been extended to refer to the…

world soul

(Encyclopedia) world soul, Lat. anima mundi, in philosophy, term denoting a universal spirit or soul that functions as an organizing principle. While many early Greek philosophers saw the world as of…

Semmelweis, Ignaz Philipp

(Encyclopedia) Semmelweis, Ignaz PhilippSemmelweis, Ignaz Philippĭgˈnäts fēˈlĭp zĕmˈəlvīs [key], 1818–65, Hungarian physician. He was a pioneer in employing asepsis. While on the staff of the general…

Quetelet, Adolphe

(Encyclopedia) Quetelet, AdolpheQuetelet, Adolpheädôlfˈ kĕtəlāˈ [key], 1796–1874, Belgian statistician and astronomer. He was the first director (1828) of the Royal Observatory at Brussels. As…

Walras, Léon

(Encyclopedia) Walras, Léon, 1834–1910, French economist. After abandoning his studies in mining engineering, he became a freelance journalist, advancing the causes of economic and social reform. He…

conceptual art

(Encyclopedia) conceptual art, art movement that began in the 1960s and stresses the artist's concept rather than the art object itself. Growing out of minimalism, conceptual art turned the artist's…