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Starling, Ernest Henry

(Encyclopedia) Starling, Ernest Henry, 1866–1927, English physiologist, b. India. He was professor (1899–1923) at University College, London. He was an authority on heart action and circulation. With…

will, in philosophy and psychology

(Encyclopedia) will, in philosophy and psychology, term used to describe that which is alleged to stimulate the motivation of purposeful activity. It is characteristic of the will that it can be…

academic freedom

(Encyclopedia) academic freedom, right of scholars to pursue research, to teach, and to publish without control or restraint from the institutions that employ them. It is a civil right that is…

informed consent

(Encyclopedia) informed consent, in medicine, a patient's written consent to a surgical or medical procedure or other course of treatment, given after the physician has told the patient all of the…

Ribeiro, Bernardim

(Encyclopedia) Ribeiro, BernardimRibeiro, Bernardimbərnərdēmˈ rēbāˈr&oobreve; [key], 1482?–1552?, Portuguese poet. Ribeiro was a figure at the Lisbon court and is said to have gone mad after an…

Hart, H. L. A.

(Encyclopedia) Hart, H. L. A. (Herbert Lionel Adolphus Hart), 1907–92, British legal philosopher. A lawyer and trained philosopher—he was a legal positivist—Hart subjected legal concepts to scrutiny…

Banach, Stefan

(Encyclopedia) Banach, StefanBanach, Stefanstĕˈfän bäˈnäkh [key], 1892–1945, Polish mathematician. He was educated at the Institute of Technology in Lviv; his doctoral thesis laid the foundations of…

Schenker, Heinrich

(Encyclopedia) Schenker, HeinrichSchenker, Heinrichhīnˈrĭkh shĕngkˈər [key], 1868–1935, Austro-Polish music theorist. Educated at the Vienna Conservatory, he devoted his life to teaching and research…

Schultz, Theodore William

(Encyclopedia) Schultz, Theodore William, 1902–98, American economist; b. Arlington, S.Dak. He taught at Iowa State College (1930–43) and the Univ. of Chicago (1943–67), but remained active at…

Fresnel, Augustin Jean

(Encyclopedia) Fresnel, Augustin JeanFresnel, Augustin JeanōgüstăNˈ zhäN frānĕlˈ [key] 1788–1827, French physicist and engineer. He is known for his research on light, especially on conditions…