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homelessness

(Encyclopedia) homelessness, the condition of not having a permanent place to live, widely perceived as a societal problem only beginning in the 1980s. Figures for the number of homeless people in…

Julian the Apostate

(Encyclopedia) Julian the Apostate (Flavius Claudius Julianus), 331?–363, Roman emperor (361–63), nephew of Constantine I; successor of Constantius II. He was given an education that combined…

cost of living

(Encyclopedia) cost of living, amount of money needed to buy the goods and services necessary to maintain a specified standard of living. The cost of living is closely tied to rates of inflation and…

Parnell, Charles Stewart

(Encyclopedia) Parnell, Charles StewartParnell, Charles Stewartpärˈnəl, pärnĕlˈ [key], 1846–91, Irish nationalist leader. Haughty and sensitive, Parnell was only a mediocre orator, but he possessed a…

Irish Land Question

(Encyclopedia) Irish Land Question, name given in the 19th cent. to the problem of land ownership and agrarian distress in Ireland under British rule. The long-term result of conquest, confiscation,…

economic planning

(Encyclopedia) economic planning, control and direction of economic activity by a central public authority. In its modern usage, economic planning tends to be pitted against the laissez-faire…

Grisons

(Encyclopedia) Grisons Grisons grēsŏnzˈ, Fr. grēzôNˈ [key], Ger. Graubünden, Ital.…

Guantánamo

(Encyclopedia) GuantánamoGuantánamogwäntäˈnämō [key], city (1994 est. pop. 200,000), capital of Guantánamo prov., SE Cuba, on the Guaso River. It is the processing center for a rich sugar- and coffee…

Magdeburg

(Encyclopedia) MagdeburgMagdeburgmäkˈdəb&oobreve;rkh [key], city (1994 pop. 270,546), capital of Saxony-Anhalt, central Germany, on the Elbe River. It is a large inland port, an industrial center…

mercantilism

(Encyclopedia) mercantilismmercantilismmûrˈkəntĭlĭzəm [key], economic system of the major trading nations during the 16th, 17th, and 18th cent., based on the premise that national wealth and power…