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Papua New Guinea

(Encyclopedia) Papua New GuineaPapua New Guineapăpˈ&oomacr;ə, –y&oomacr;ə, gĭnˈē [key], officially Independent State of Papua New Guinea, independent Commonwealth nation (2015 est. pop. 6,672…

West New York

(Encyclopedia) West New York, town (1990 pop. 38,125), Hudson co., NE N.J., atop the Palisades across the Hudson River from New York City; settled 1790, inc. 1898. It is a residential town with some…

Mitterrand, François Maurice

(Encyclopedia) Mitterrand, François MauriceMitterrand, François MauricefräNswäˈ mōrēsˈ mētəräNˈ [key], 1916–96, French political leader, president of France, 1981–95. Initially a supporter of Pétain'…

Saint John, city, Canada

(Encyclopedia) Saint John, city (1991 pop. 74,969), S N.B., Canada, at the mouth of the St. John River on the Bay of Fundy. A year-round port, it has an excellent harbor, large dry docks, and…

July Revolution

(Encyclopedia) July Revolution, revolt in France in July, 1830, against the government of King Charles X. The attempt of the ultraroyalists under Charles to return to the ancien régime provoked the…

Stanislaus I

(Encyclopedia) Stanislaus I, 1677–1766, king of Poland (1704–1709, 1733–35) and duke of Lorraine (1735–66). He was born Stanislaus Leszczynski. Early in the Northern War (1700–1721), Charles XII of…

Munich Pact

(Encyclopedia) Munich Pact, 1938. In the summer of 1938, Chancellor Hitler of Germany began openly to support the demands of Germans living in the Sudetenland (see Sudetes) of Czechoslovakia for an…

vineyard

(Encyclopedia) vineyard, land on which cultivation of the grape—known as viticulture—takes place. As many as 40 varieties of grape, Vitis vinifera, are known. The few that grow wild are generally not…