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cloister

(Encyclopedia) cloister, unroofed space forming part of a religious establishment and surrounded by the various buildings or by enclosing walls. Generally, it is provided on all sides with a vaulted…

Stavisky Affair

(Encyclopedia) Stavisky AffairStavisky Affairstävēskēˈ [key], financial and political scandal that shook France in 1934. Serge Alexandre Stavisky, a swindler associated with the municipal pawnshop of…

Livingston

(Encyclopedia) Livingston, family of American statesmen, diplomats, and jurists. Edward Livingston,Edward Livingston, 1764–1836, b. Livingston Manor, was the son of Robert R. Livingston (1718–75)…

Reid, Whitelaw

(Encyclopedia) Reid, Whitelaw, 1837–1912, American journalist and diplomat, b. near Xenia, Ohio. His distinguished correspondence during the Civil War for the Cincinnati Gazette led Horace Greeley to…

Morris, Gouverneur

(Encyclopedia) Morris, GouverneurMorris, Gouverneurgəvərnērˈ, –n&oobreve;rˈ [key], 1752–1816, American political leader and diplomat, b. Morrisania, N.Y. (now part of the Bronx); a grandson of…

Edward I

(Encyclopedia) Edward I, 1239–1307, king of England (1272–1307), son of and successor to Henry III. Even more important than Edward's military exploits were the legal and constitutional…

Aubusson, Pierre d'

(Encyclopedia) Aubusson, Pierre d'Aubusson, Pierre d'pyĕr dōbüsôNˈ [key], 1423–1503, French soldier, a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, and grand master of the Knights Hospitalers (1476–1503).…

Marie de l'Incarnation

(Encyclopedia) Marie de l'IncarnationMarie de l'Incarnationdə lăNkärnäsyôNˈ [key], 1599–1672, French missionary. Her name was originally Marie Guyard. She was married in her youth and bore a son;…

Lamont, Johann von

(Encyclopedia) Lamont, Johann vonLamont, Johann vonyōˈhän fən läˈmônt [key], 1805–79, Scottish-German astronomer and magnetician, b. Scotland. In 1817 he went to Ratisbon to study at the seminary. He…

Kochanowski, Jan

(Encyclopedia) Kochanowski, JanKochanowski, Janyän kôkhänôfˈskē [key], 1530–84, esteemed as the greatest poet of the Polish Renaissance. Kochanowski assimilated the poetic traditions of Italy and…