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Port-Royal

(Encyclopedia) Port-RoyalPort-RoyalFr. pôr-rwäyälˈ [key], former abbey of women, c.17 mi (27 km) W of Paris, founded in 1204. It was at first Benedictine, later Cistercian. In 1608 the abbess,…

Danton, Georges Jacques

(Encyclopedia) Danton, Georges JacquesDanton, Georges Jacqueszhōrzh zhäk däNtôNˈ [key], 1759–94, French statesman, one of the leading figures of the French Revolution. A Parisian lawyer, he became a…

Foster, Norman Robert, Baron Foster of Thames Bank

(Encyclopedia) Foster, Norman Robert, Baron Foster of Thames Bank, 1935–, British architect, b. Manchester, grad. Manchester Univ. school of architecture (1961), Yale school of architecture (M.A.,…

Directory

(Encyclopedia) Directory, group of five men who held the executive power in France according to the constitution of the year III (1795) of the French Revolution. They were chosen by the new…

Dutch Wars

(Encyclopedia) Dutch Wars, series of conflicts between the English and Dutch during the mid to late 17th cent. The wars had their roots in the Anglo-Dutch commercial rivalry, although the last of the…

De Lancey

(Encyclopedia) De LanceyDe Lanceydə lănˈsē [key], family of political leaders, soldiers, and merchants prominent in colonial New York. Étienne De Lancey or Stephen De Lancey, 1663–1741, b. Caen,…

Jansen, Cornelis

(Encyclopedia) Jansen, CornelisJansen, Corneliskôrnāˈlĭs yänˈsən [key], 1585–1638, Dutch Roman Catholic theologian. He studied at the Univ. of Louvain and became imbued with the idea of reforming…

French Revolutionary Wars

(Encyclopedia) French Revolutionary Wars, wars occurring in the era of the French Revolution and the beginning of the Napoleonic era, the decade of 1792–1802. The wars began as an effort to defend…

Canadian literature, French

(Encyclopedia) Canadian literature, French, the body of literature of the French-speaking population of Canada. Except for the narratives of French explorers (such as Samuel de Champlain and Pierre…