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Gay-Lussac, Joseph Louis

(Encyclopedia) Gay-Lussac, Joseph LouisGay-Lussac, Joseph Louiszhôzĕfˈ lwē gā-lüsäkˈ [key], 1778–1850, French chemist and physicist. He was professor in Paris at the Sorbonne, at the Polytechnic…

Goncourt, Edmond Louis Antoine Huot de

(Encyclopedia) Goncourt, Edmond Louis Antoine Huot deGoncourt, Edmond Louis Antoine Huot deĕdmôNˈ lwē äNtwänˈ üōˈ də gôNk&oomacr;rˈ [key], 1822–96, and Jules Alfred Huot de GoncourtGoncourt,…

Haushofer, Karl

(Encyclopedia) Haushofer, KarlHaushofer, Karlkärl housˈhōfər [key], 1869–1946, German geographer, theorist of Nazi geopolitics, including the doctrines that the state is a living organism and that…

imagists

(Encyclopedia) imagists, group of English and American poets writing from 1909 to about 1917, who were united by their revolt against the exuberant imagery and diffuse sentimentality of 19th-century…

Martini, Simone

(Encyclopedia) Martini, SimoneMartini, Simonesēmôˈnā [key]Martini, Simone märtēˈnē [key], or Simone di MartinoSimone di Martinodē märtēˈnō [key], c.1283–1344, major Sienese painter. His art is…

Lotze, Rudolf Hermann

(Encyclopedia) Lotze, Rudolf HermannLotze, Rudolf Hermannr&oomacr;ˈdôlf hĕrˈmän lōˈtsə [key], 1817–81, German philosopher and psychologist. After studying medicine and philosophy at Leipzig, he…

Kristeva, Julia

(Encyclopedia) Kristeva, Julia, 1941–, French critic, psychoanalyst, semiotician, and writer, b. Sliven, Bulgaria. Writing in French, she has explored many subjects including structuralist…

Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim

(Encyclopedia) Lessing, Gotthold EphraimLessing, Gotthold Ephraimgôtˈhôlt āˈfräĭm [key], 1729–81, German philosopher, dramatist, and critic, one of the most influential figures of the Enlightenment.…

Burgh, Hubert de

(Encyclopedia) Burgh, Hubert deBurgh, Hubert dehy&oomacr;ˈbərt də bûrg, bûrˈə [key], d. 1243, chief justiciar of England under kings John and Henry III. Having served as a royal minister and…

Perrot, Nicolas

(Encyclopedia) Perrot, NicolasPerrot, Nicolasnēkôläˈ [key]Perrot, Nicolas pĕrōˈ [key], 1644–c.1718, French explorer in Canada and the Old Northwest. He came to New France as a child and, in service…