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Necker, Jacques

(Encyclopedia) Necker, JacquesNecker, Jacqueszhäk nĕkĕrˈ [key], 1732–1804, French financier and statesman, b. Geneva, Switzerland. In 1750 he went to Paris and entered banking. He rose rapidly to…

data encryption

(Encyclopedia) data encryption, the process of scrambling stored or transmitted information so that it is unintelligible until it is unscrambled by the intended recipient. Historically, data…

Brewer's: Juge de Paix

(French). A cudgel. “Albert Mangin, condamné à mort le 7 floreal an. ii. ayant dit que les jacobins étaient tou des scélérats et des coquins, et montrant un gros bâton qu'il tenait à la…

Brewer's: Coiffer to Sainte Catherine

To remain an old maid. “St. Catherine est la patronne des filles à marier et des vieilles filles. Ce sont ces dernières qui restent ordinairement pour soigner les chapelles consacrées à la…

Korngold, Erich Wolfgang

(Encyclopedia) Korngold, Erich Wolfgang, 1897–1957, American composer of film and concert music and opera, b. Brünn, Austria-Hungary (now Brno, Czech Republic). He began composing ballet music and…

Keilson, Hans Alex

(Encyclopedia) Keilson, Hans Alex, 1909–2011, German-Dutch novelist and physician. He attended medical school in Berlin, but Nazi racial laws prevented Keilson, who was Jewish, from practicing. In…

Dauphiné

(Encyclopedia) DauphinéDauphinédōfēnāˈ [key], region and former province, SE France, bordering on Italy. It is now divided into three departments, Haute-Alpes, Isère, and Drôme. In the east the Alps…

Clouzot, Henri-Georges

(Encyclopedia) Clouzot, Henri-GeorgesClouzot, Henri-GeorgesäNrēˈ-zhôrzh cl&oomacr;zōˈ [key], 1907–77, French film director, master of the Gallic noir cinema. His career spanned 40 years, but he…