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Marseillaise

(Encyclopedia) MarseillaiseMarseillaisemärˌsəlāzˈ [key] [Fr.,=of Marseille], the French national anthem, written and composed in 1792 for the army of the Rhine by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle, a…

Camorra

(Encyclopedia) CamorraCamorrakəmôrˈə [key], Italian secret criminal association in Naples. Of controversial origin, it first came to light in 1830. Its activities spread by intimidation, blackmail,…

Gouvion-Saint-Cyr, Laurent, marquis de

(Encyclopedia) Gouvion-Saint-Cyr, Laurent, marquis deGouvion-Saint-Cyr, Laurent, marquis delōräNˈ märkēˈ də g&oomacr;vyôNˈ-săN-sēr [key], 1764–1830, marshal of France. He served in the French…

Montluçon

(Encyclopedia) MontluçonMontluçonmôNlüsôNˈ [key], town (1990 pop. 46,660), Allier dept., central France, on the Cher River. Industry developed in the 19th cent. because of nearby coal fields in…

Courier, Paul Louis

(Encyclopedia) Courier, Paul Louis (Paul Louis Courier de Méré)Courier, Paul Louispōl lwē k&oomacr;ryāˈ də mārāˈ [key], 1772–1825, French political writer and classical scholar. His translation (…

Sixtus of Bourbon-Parma, Prince

(Encyclopedia) Sixtus of Bourbon-Parma, Prince, 1886–1934, son of Robert, last duke of Parma. While serving as an officer in the Belgian army, he was the intermediary for his brother-in-law, Emperor…

Jordan, Camille

(Encyclopedia) Jordan, CamilleJordan, Camillekämēˈyə zhôrdäNˈ [key], 1771–1821, French writer and political figure. A moderate supporter of the French Revolution, he fled France during the Reign of…

Jeanne d'Albret

(Encyclopedia) Jeanne d'AlbretJeanne d'Albretzhän dälbrāˈ [key], 1528–72, queen of Navarre (1555–72), daughter of Henri d'Albret and Margaret of Navarre, and mother of King Henry IV of France (Henry…

Berry, Charles Ferdinand, duc de

(Encyclopedia) Berry, Charles Ferdinand, duc deBerry, Charles Ferdinand, duc deshärl fĕrdēnäNˈ, dük [key]Berry, Charles Ferdinand, duc de də bĕrēˈ [key], 1778–1820, younger son of Charles, comte d'…

Royer-Collard, Pierre Paul

(Encyclopedia) Royer-Collard, Pierre PaulRoyer-Collard, Pierre Paulpyĕr pōl rwäyāˈ-kô-lärˈ [key], 1763–1845, French statesman and philosopher. After entering the law, he took part in the French…