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Fleming, Sir Alexander

(Encyclopedia) Fleming, Sir Alexander, 1881–1955, Scottish bacteriologist, discoverer of penicillin (1928) and lysozyme (1922), an antibacterial substance found in saliva and other body secretions.…

Firestone, Harvey Samuel

(Encyclopedia) Firestone, Harvey Samuel, 1868–1938, American industrialist, manufacturer of rubber products, b. Columbiana co., Ohio. The son of a prosperous farmer, Harvey Firestone began to…

Conant, Roger

(Encyclopedia) Conant, Roger, 1592–1679, one of the founders of Massachusetts, b. East Budleigh, Devonshire, England. He was a salter in London before he went to Plymouth in 1623. Conant lived at…

Cosway, Richard

(Encyclopedia) Cosway, RichardCosway, Richardkŏzˈwā [key], 1740?–1821, English miniaturist. His work was elegant and modish and became highly popular in his day. There is a collection of his works in…

Crump, Edward Hull

(Encyclopedia) Crump, Edward Hull, 1876–1954, American politician, Democratic boss of Tennessee, b. near Holly Springs, Miss. At first (1905–9) a municipal administrator in Memphis, Tenn., he was…

Freshfield, Douglas William

(Encyclopedia) Freshfield, Douglas William, 1845–1934, English explorer and mountaineer. A prominent member of the Royal Geographical Society, he did pioneer climbing in the Caucasus, the Himalayas,…

García Icazbalceta, Joaquín

(Encyclopedia) García Icazbalceta, JoaquínGarcía Icazbalceta, Joaquínhwäkēnˈ gärsēˈä ēkäsbälsāˈtä [key], 1824–94, Mexican philologist, bibliographer, and historian. He edited the works of many early…

Gratz, Rebecca

(Encyclopedia) Gratz, RebeccaGratz, Rebeccagrăts [key], 1781–1869, American philanthropist, b. Philadelphia; daughter of Michael Gratz. Well known for her philanthropies in Philadelphia, she is…

Tickell, Thomas

(Encyclopedia) Tickell, ThomasTickell, Thomastĭkˈəl [key], 1686–1740, English poet and translator. A contributor of verse to the Spectator, he was a friend of Addison, for whom he wrote a fine elegy…

Berry, Martha McChesney

(Encyclopedia) Berry, Martha McChesney, 1866–1942, American educator and philanthropist, b. near Rome, Ga., Ph.D. Univ. of Georgia, 1920. Determined to provide educational opportunities for…