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Daru, Pierre Antoine, Comte

(Encyclopedia) Daru, Pierre Antoine, ComteDaru, Pierre Antoine, Comtepyĕr äNtwänˈ kôNt därüˈ [key], 1767–1829, French soldier, administrator, statesman, and writer. He served in the French…

Papal States

(Encyclopedia) Papal States, Ital. Lo Stato della Chiesa, from 754 to 1870 an independent territory under the temporal rule of the popes, also called the States of the Church and the Pontifical…

Orsini, Felice

(Encyclopedia) Orsini, FeliceOrsini, Felicefālēˈchā [key]Orsini, Felice ōrsēˈnē [key], 1819–58, Italian patriot who attempted to assassinate the French emperor Napoleon III. He was a follower of…

Davout, Louis Nicolas

(Encyclopedia) Davout, Louis NicolasDavout, Louis Nicolaslwē nēkôläˈ däv&oomacr;ˈ [key], 1770–1823, marshal of France. One of Napoleon's ablest generals, Davout defeated a Prussian army at…

Cuoco, Vincenzo

(Encyclopedia) Cuoco, VincenzoCuoco, Vincenzovēnchānˈtsō k&oomacr;-ôˈkō [key], 1770–1823, Italian political philosopher. A lawyer, he was exiled (1799) from Naples for his part in establishing…

Molé, Louis Mathieu, Comte

(Encyclopedia) Molé, Louis Mathieu, ComteMolé, Louis Mathieu, Comtelwē mätyöˈ kôNt môlāˈ [key], 1781–1855, French politician. He was made a count and minister of justice by Emperor Napoleon I and…

Crémieux, (Isaac) Adolphe

(Encyclopedia) Crémieux, (Isaac) AdolpheCrémieux, (Isaac) Adolpheēsäkˈ ädôlfˈ krāmyöˈ [key], 1796–1880, Jewish-French statesman and political writer. A lawyer, he served briefly as minister of…

Hardenberg, Karl August, Fürst von

(Encyclopedia) Hardenberg, Karl August, Fürst vonHardenberg, Karl August, Fürst vonkärl ouˈg&oobreve;st fürst fən härˈdənbĕrk [key], 1750–1822, Prussian administrator and diplomat, b. Hanover.…

Appiani, Andrea

(Encyclopedia) Appiani, AndreaAppiani, Andreaändrĕˈä äp–pyäˈnē [key], 1754–1817, Italian neoclassical painter and Italian court painter of Napoleon I, active in Lombardy. His frescoes include work in…