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Mandeville, Sir John

(Encyclopedia) Mandeville, Sir John, 14th-century English author of The Travels of Sir John Mandeville. Originally written in Norman French, the work became enormously popular and was translated into…

Nathan, George Jean

(Encyclopedia) Nathan, George Jean, 1882–1958, American editor and drama critic, b. Fort Wayne, Ind. He left the New York Herald to join H. L. Mencken in editing Smart Set (1914–23), which they made…

Duvalier, Jean-Claude

(Encyclopedia) Duvalier, Jean-ClaudeDuvalier, Jean-ClaudezhäN-klōd [key]Duvalier, Jean-Claude düvälyāˈ [key], 1951–2014, president of Haiti (1971–86). At age 19, he was proclaimed “president for life…

Alembert, Jean le Rond d'

(Encyclopedia) Alembert, Jean le Rond d'Alembert, Jean le Rond d'zhäN lərôNˈ däläNbĕrˈ [key], 1717–83, French mathematician and philosopher. The illegitimate son of the chevalier Destouches, he was…

Marmontel, Jean François

(Encyclopedia) Marmontel, Jean FrançoisMarmontel, Jean FrançoiszhäN fräNswäˈ märmôNtĕlˈ [key], 1723–99, French critic, dramatist, and story writer, contributor to Diderot's Encyclopédie. Educated by…

Nicolet, Jean

(Encyclopedia) Nicolet, JeanNicolet, JeanzhäN nēkôlāˈ [key], 1598?–1642, French explorer in the Old Northwest. He came to New France with Samuel de Champlain in 1618. In 1634, under the direction of…

Anville, Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d'

(Encyclopedia) Anville, Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville, Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d'zhäN bätēstˈ b&oomacr;rgēnyôNˈ däNvēlˈ [key], 1697–1782, French geographer and cartographer. His maps of…

Desmarets de Saint-Sorlin, Jean

(Encyclopedia) Desmarets de Saint-Sorlin, JeanDesmarets de Saint-Sorlin, JeanzhäN dāmärāˈ də săN-sôrlăNˈ [key], 1595–1676, French poet and dramatist. A protégé of Richelieu, he was a founding member…

Poncelet, Jean Victor

(Encyclopedia) Poncelet, Jean VictorPoncelet, Jean VictorzhäNˈ vēktôrˈ pôNslāˈ [key], 1788–1867, French mathematician and army engineer. He taught at the school of mechanics at Metz and at the…

Oudry, Jean Baptiste

(Encyclopedia) Oudry, Jean BaptisteOudry, Jean BaptistezhäN bätēstˈ &oomacr;drēˈ [key], 1686–1755, French animal painter. A pupil of Largillière, he became court painter to Louis XV, recording…