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Treitschke, Heinrich von

(Encyclopedia) Treitschke, Heinrich vonTreitschke, Heinrich vonhīnˈrĭkh fən trīchˈkə [key], 1834–96, German historian. A fervid partisan of Prussia, he left Baden at the outbreak of the Austro-…

Steuben, Friedrich Wilhelm, Baron von

(Encyclopedia) Steuben, Friedrich Wilhelm, Baron vonSteuben, Friedrich Wilhelm, Baron vonsty&oomacr;ˈbən, Ger. frēˈdrĭkh vĭlˈhĕlm bärōnˈ fən shtoiˈbən [key], 1730–94, Prussian army officer,…

von Klitzing, Klaus

(Encyclopedia) von Klitzing, Klaus, 1943–, German physicist, Ph.D. Univ. of Würzburg, 1972. He was a professor at the Technical Univ. of Munich (1980–85) and then director of the Max Planck Institute…

Welsbach mantle

(Encyclopedia) Welsbach mantle or Welsbach burner [for C. A. von Welsbach], cylindrical framework of gauze impregnated with oxides of thorium and cerium. When heated in a gas flame, it produces a…

Sturm und Drang

(Encyclopedia) Sturm und DrangSturm und Drangsht&oobreve;rm &oobreve;nt dräng [key] or Storm and Stress, movement in German literature that flourished from c.1770 to c.1784. It takes its name…

Ribbentrop, Joachim von

(Encyclopedia) Ribbentrop, Joachim vonRibbentrop, Joachim vonyōˈaäkhĭm fən rĭbˈəntrôp [key], 1893–1946, German foreign minister (1938–45). After World War I he became a wealthy champagne merchant. He…

Heinse, Wilhelm

(Encyclopedia) Heinse, WilhelmHeinse, Wilhelmvĭlˈhĕlm hīnˈsə [key], 1746–1803, German novelist. His principal novels, Ardinghello; or, An Artist's Rambles in Sicily (1787, tr. 1839) and Hildegard von…

Dumba, Konstantin Theodor

(Encyclopedia) Dumba, Konstantin TheodorDumba, Konstantin Theodorkônstäntēnˈ tāˈōdôr d&oobreve;mˈbä [key], 1856–1947, Austro-Hungarian diplomat. As ambassador (1913–15) to the United States, he…

Christmas

(Encyclopedia) Christmas [Christ's Mass], in the Christian calendar, feast of the nativity of Jesus, celebrated in Roman Catholic and Protestant Churches on Dec. 25. In liturgical importance it ranks…

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von

(Encyclopedia) Goethe, Johann Wolfgang vonGoethe, Johann Wolfgang vonyōˈhän vôlfˈgäng fən göˈtə [key], 1749–1832, German poet, dramatist, novelist, and scientist, b. Frankfurt. One of the great…