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pH

(Encyclopedia) pH, range of numbers expressing the relative acidity or alkalinity of a solution. In general, pH values range from 0 to 14. The pH of a neutral solution, i.e., one which is neither…

dam

(Encyclopedia) dam, barrier, commonly across a watercourse, to hold back water, often forming a reservoir or lake; dams are also sometimes used to control or contain rockslides, mudflows, and the…

Frasch process

(Encyclopedia) Frasch processFrasch processfräsh [key] [for Herman Frasch, the German-American chemist who devised it], process for the extraction of sulfur from subsurface deposits. Three pipes, one…

flat-coated retriever

(Encyclopedia) flat-coated retriever, breed of large sporting dog developed in England in the mid-19th cent. It stands about 23 in. (58 cm) high at the shoulder and weighs about 65 lb (30 kg). Its…

mother-of-pearl

(Encyclopedia) mother-of-pearl or nacrenacrenāˈkər [key], the iridescent substance that forms the lining of the shells of some fresh-water and some salt-water mollusks. Like the pearl it is a…

calcium chloride

(Encyclopedia) calcium chloride, CaCl2, chemical compound that is crystalline, lumpy, or flaky, is usually white, and is very soluble in water. The anhydrous compound is hygroscopic; it rapidly…

sea mouse

(Encyclopedia) sea mouse, marine worm of the genus Aphrodite with a short, broad, segmented body, found in moderately deep water. The upper, or dorsal, surface of a sea mouse bears 15 pairs of raised…

Siloam

(Encyclopedia) SiloamSiloamsīlōˈəm [key], pool, SW corner of Jerusalem in the Kidron valley, mentioned in the Bible. A nearby 1,700-foot-long (518 m) tunnel, dating from the time of Hezekiah,…

oasis

(Encyclopedia) oasisoasisōāˈsĭs [key], an area within a desert where the water table reaches the surface, with enough moisture to permit the growth of vegetation. The water may come up to the surface…