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Sloat, John Drake

(Encyclopedia) Sloat, John Drake, 1781–1867, American naval officer, b. near Goshen, N.Y. He entered the navy as a midshipman in 1800 and resigned after a year's service, but reentered for service in…

Shamyl

(Encyclopedia) Shamyl or ShamilShamylboth: shäˈmĭl [key], 1798?–1871, imam (religious and political leader) of the E Caucasus. From 1834 to 1859 he led the Muslim tribes of the E Caucasus in their…

Baruch, Bernard Mannes

(Encyclopedia) Baruch, Bernard MannesBaruch, Bernard Mannesbər&oomacr;kˈ [key], 1870–1965, U.S. financier and government adviser, b. Camden, S.C. He grew rich through stockmarket speculation…

Neto, Agostinho

(Encyclopedia) Neto, AgostinhoNeto, Agostinhoəg&oomacr;shtēnˈy&oomacr; nāˈt&oomacr; [key], 1927–79, first president of independent Angola. A Portuguese-educated physician and poet, he…

Reynolds, John Fulton

(Encyclopedia) Reynolds, John Fulton, 1820–63, Union general in the American Civil War, b. Lancaster, Pa. He distinguished himself in the Mexican War. In the Civil War, Reynolds was made (Aug., 1861…

Rodgers, Christopher Raymond Perry

(Encyclopedia) Rodgers, Christopher Raymond Perry, 1819–92, American naval officer, b. Brooklyn, N.Y. Appointed midshipman in 1833, he served in the Mexican War. In the Civil War he took part in the…

Rickenbacker, Edward Vernon

(Encyclopedia) Rickenbacker, Edward Vernon, 1890–1973, American war hero and airline executive, b. Columbus, Ohio. He became a car racing driver at 16 and set numerous speed records. In World War I…

Antonescu, Ion

(Encyclopedia) Antonescu, IonAntonescu, Ionyôn äntônĕsˈk&oomacr; [key], 1882–1946, Romanian marshal and dictator. He served in World War I and later became chief of staff, but he fell into…

Iwo Jima

(Encyclopedia) Iwo JimaIwo Jimaēˈwō jēˈmə, ēˈwô [key], officially Iwo ToIwo Jimatō [key], volcanic island, c.8 sq mi (21 sq km), W Pacific, largest and most important of the Volcano Islands. Mt.…

Armstrong, John, 1758–1843, American army officer

(Encyclopedia) Armstrong, John, 1758–1843, American army officer, U.S. Secretary of War (1813–14), b. Carlisle, Pa.; son of John Armstrong, “hero of Kittanning.” In the American Revolution he was on…