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Reynolds, John Fulton

(Encyclopedia) Reynolds, John Fulton, 1820–63, Union general in the American Civil War, b. Lancaster, Pa. He distinguished himself in the Mexican War. In the Civil War, Reynolds was made (Aug., 1861…

Sedan

(Encyclopedia) SedanSedansədäNˈ [key], town (1990 pop. 22,407), Ardennes dept., NE France, on the Meuse River. A noted textile center since the 16th cent., Sedan also has metal and brewing industries…

Paskevich, Ivan Feodorovich

(Encyclopedia) Paskevich, Ivan FeodorovichPaskevich, Ivan Feodorovichēvänˈ fyôˈdərəvĭch pəskyĕˈvĭch [key], 1782–1856, Russian army officer and administrator. He fought in the Napoleonic Wars, was…

Kesselring, Albert

(Encyclopedia) Kesselring, AlbertKesselring, Albertälˈbĕrt kĕsˈəlrĭng [key], 1885–1960, German field marshal. An artillery staff officer in World War I, he later joined the air force and rapidly rose…

excess profits tax

(Encyclopedia) excess profits tax, levy on any profit above a standard level. Chiefly a wartime phenomenon, it is intended to increase revenue during periods of distress and to prevent businessmen…

Hirota, Koki

(Encyclopedia) Hirota, KokiHirota, Kokikōˈkē hēˈrōtä [key], 1878–1948, Japanese statesman. He graduated from the law school of Tokyo Univ. A career diplomat, he served as ambassador to Russia (1930–…

Neto, Agostinho

(Encyclopedia) Neto, AgostinhoNeto, Agostinhoəg&oomacr;shtēnˈy&oomacr; nāˈt&oomacr; [key], 1927–79, first president of independent Angola. A Portuguese-educated physician and poet, he…

Nimitz, Chester William

(Encyclopedia) Nimitz, Chester WilliamNimitz, Chester Williamnĭmˈĭts [key], 1885–1966, American admiral, b. Fredericksburg, Tex. A graduate of Annapolis, he was chief of staff to the commander of the…

Montes, Ismael

(Encyclopedia) Montes, IsmaelMontes, Ismaelēsmäēlˈ mōnˈtās [key], 1861–1933, Bolivian statesman, president of Bolivia (1904–9, 1913–17). He interrupted the study of law in 1879 to fight against Chile…

Mars, in Roman religion and mythology

(Encyclopedia) Mars, in Roman religion and mythology, god of war. In early Roman times he was a god of agriculture, but in later religion (when he was identified with the Greek Ares) he was primarily…