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Elks, Benevolent and Protective Order of

(Encyclopedia) Elks, Benevolent and Protective Order of, fraternal and charitable society founded (1868) in New York City. Through the Elks National Foundation, located in Chicago, the group carries…

Jagdeo, Bharrat

(Encyclopedia) Jagdeo, BharratJagdeo, Bharratbäˈrät jägˈdāō [key], 1964–, Guyanese political leader. An economist and a member of the People's Progressive party, he served minister of finance (1995–…

National Institute of Standards and Technology

(Encyclopedia) National Institute of Standards and Technology, governmental agency within the U.S. Dept. of Commerce with the mission of “working with industry to develop and apply technology,…

Osborne, Thomas Mott

(Encyclopedia) Osborne, Thomas Mott, 1859–1926, American prison reformer, b. Auburn, N.Y., grad. Harvard, 1884. As chairman (1913) of the state commission on prison reform he became a voluntary…

Oberth, Hermann Julius

(Encyclopedia) Oberth, Hermann Julius, 1894–1989, Austro-German astronautical pioneer, b. Hermannstadt, Austria-Hungary (now Sibiu, Romania). Beginning his studies in astronautics before World War I…

desktop publishing

(Encyclopedia) desktop publishing, system for producing printed materials that consists of a personal computer or computer workstation, a high-resolution printer (usually a laser printer), and a…

Clark, Helen

(Encyclopedia) Clark, Helen, 1950–, New Zealand politician, prime minister (1999–2008), b. Hamilton, N.Z. A graduate of the Univ. of Auckland (B.A., 1971; M.A., 1974), she taught political science…

Veterans Affairs, United States Department of

(Encyclopedia) Veterans Affairs, United States Department of, federal executive department established to operate programs to benefit veterans and their families. The department was established in…

Wilkinson, Charles Burnham

(Encyclopedia) Wilkinson, Charles Burnham (Bud Wilkinson), 1916–94, American football coach, b. Minneapolis, Minn. He was an all-around athlete at the Univ. of Minnesota and later was assistant…

Virginia Military Institute

(Encyclopedia) Virginia Military Institute (VMI), at Lexington; state supported; chartered and opened 1839 as the first state military college in the United States. Although one of the leading U.S.…