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nuclear strategy

(Encyclopedia) nuclear strategy, a policy for the use of nuclear weapons. The first atomic bombs were used in the context of the Allies' World War II policy of strategic bombing. Early in the cold…

air forces

(Encyclopedia) air forces, those portions of a nation's military organization employing heavier-than-air aircraft for reconnaissance, support of ground troops, aerial combat, and bombing of enemy…

Currie, Sir Arthur William

(Encyclopedia) Currie, Sir Arthur William, 1875–1933, Canadian commander in World War I. He made a distinguished record for himself in World War I as a brigade and division commander, particularly at…

Daun, Leopold Joseph Maria, Graf von

(Encyclopedia) Daun, Leopold Joseph Maria, Graf vonDaun, Leopold Joseph Maria, Graf vonlāˈōpôlt yōˈzĕf märēˈä gräf fən doun [key], 1705–66, Austrian field marshal. He gained distinction in the War of…

Duane, James Chatham

(Encyclopedia) Duane, James Chatham, 1824–97, American army engineer, b. Schenectady, N.Y., grad. Union College, 1844, and West Point, 1848; grandson of James Duane. In the Civil War he organized the…

Ellsworth, Elmer Ephraim

(Encyclopedia) Ellsworth, Elmer Ephraim, 1837–61, American Civil War hero, b. near Mechanicville, N.Y. Just before the Civil War he became famous for his Zouave company, which toured the North giving…

Braudel, Fernand

(Encyclopedia) Braudel, Fernand, 1902–85, French historian. He studied under Lucien Febvre and was a founder of the Annales school of historiography. As a German prisoner-of-war during World War II,…

Preston, John Smith

(Encyclopedia) Preston, John Smith, 1809–81, Confederate general in the American Civil War, b. near Abingdon, Va. He practiced law at Abingdon and Columbia, S.C., but made his fortune operating a…

Rankin, Jeannette

(Encyclopedia) Rankin, Jeannette, 1880–1973, American pacifist, b. Missoula, Mont. She was active in social work and campaigned for woman suffrage. A Republican, she was the first woman in the United…