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Toledo, Francisco de , Spanish viceroy of Peru

(Encyclopedia) Toledo, Francisco deToledo, Francisco defränthēˈskō ᵺā tōlāˈᵺō [key], 1515?–84, Spanish viceroy of Peru (1569–81). He came from one of the noblest families of Spain and had served…

Mutharika, Bingu wa

(Encyclopedia) Mutharika, Bingu waMutharika, Bingu wabēngˈg&oomacr; wä m&oomacr;täˈrēkä [key], 1934–2012, Malawian economist and political leader, b. Nyasaland (now Malawi) as Brightson…

Mogae, Festus Gontebanye

(Encyclopedia) Mogae, Festus Gontebanye 1939–, Botswanan political leader, president of Botswana (1998–2008), b. Serowe. After studying economics at Sussex and Oxford universities, he returned to…

Monti, Mario

(Encyclopedia) Monti, Mario, 1943–, Italian economist and political leader. After studying at Bocconi Univ., Milan, and at Yale, he taught economics at the Univ. of Turin (1970–85) and then at…

Jaber al-Ahmad al-Sabah

(Encyclopedia) Jaber al-Ahmad al-SabahJaber al-Ahmad al-Sabahjāˈbĕr är-äkhˈmäd ä-säbäˈ [key], 1926–2006, emir of Kuwait (1977–2006). A member of Kuwait's ruling Sabah family, he was the third son of…

Le Sage, Alain René

(Encyclopedia) Le Sage, Alain RenéLe Sage, Alain RenéälăNˈ rənāˈ ləsäzhˈ [key], 1668–1747, French novelist and dramatist. His masterpiece, Gil Blas de Santillane (1715–35, tr. by Tobias Smollett, The…

Kok, Wim

(Encyclopedia) Kok, Wim (Willem Kok), 1936–2018, Dutch political leader. He worked for the National Association of Trade Unions (later the Federation of Dutch Trade Unions), and served as its…

Chancellor, Richard

(Encyclopedia) Chancellor, Richard, d. 1556, English navigator. When, largely under the inspiration of Sebastian Cabot, a group of men in England undertook to finance a search for the Northeast…

Durham, John George Lambton, 1st earl of

(Encyclopedia) Durham, John George Lambton, 1st earl ofDurham, John George Lambton, 1st earl ofdûrˈ əm [key], 1792–1840, British statesman. A stormy liberal career in Parliament (1813–32), which…

Hata, Tsutomu

(Encyclopedia) Hata, TsutomuHata, Tsutomuts&oomacr;tōˈm&oomacr; häˈtä [key], 1935–, Japanese politician, b. Tokyo. After 10 years in Japan's private sector, he was elected (1969) to…