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Gioia, Melchiorre

(Encyclopedia) Gioia or Gioja, MelchiorreGioia or Gioja, Melchiorreboth: mālkyôrˈrā jōˈyä [key], 1767–1829, Italian economist and political theorist. An early advocate of the unification of Italy, he…

Gravely, Samuel Lee, Jr.

(Encyclopedia) Gravely, Samuel Lee, Jr., 1922–2004, U.S. naval officer, the first African American to hold the rank of admiral, b. Richmond, Va. Joining the Naval Reserves in 1942, he became (1944)…

gunboat

(Encyclopedia) gunboat, small warship for use on rivers and along coasts in places inaccessible to vessels of larger displacement. In the U.S. Civil War both sides used as gunboats, on the…

Waves

(Encyclopedia) Waves (Women Appointed for Voluntary Emergency Service), U.S. navy organization, created (1942) in World War II to release male naval personnel for sea duty. The organization was…

Stark, Harold Raynsford

(Encyclopedia) Stark, Harold Raynsford, 1880–1972, American admiral, b. Wilkes-Barre, Pa. A graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy at Annapolis, he was commissioned (1905) an ensign in the navy. After…

Luce, Stephen Bleecker

(Encyclopedia) Luce, Stephen Bleecker, 1827–1917, American naval officer, b. Albany, N.Y. He entered the navy as a midshipman in 1841. In the Civil War he was head of the department of seamanship at…

Hull, William

(Encyclopedia) Hull, William, 1753–1825, American general, b. Derby, Conn. He served brilliantly in the American Revolution and became in 1805 governor of the newly created Michigan Territory. As the…

Naberezhnye Chelny

(Encyclopedia) Naberezhnye ChelnyNaberezhnye Chelnynəbĭryĕzhˈēə chĭlnēˈ [key], city (1989 pop. 501,000), in NE European Russia. Once a small town named Chelny, it became Naberezhnye Chelny in 1930.…

Chennault, Claire Lee

(Encyclopedia) Chennault, Claire LeeChennault, Claire Leeshĕnˈôltˌ [key], 1890–1958, American general, b. Commerce, Tex. In World War I he was a pioneer in air pursuit tactics. Retired (1937) from…

hallmark

(Encyclopedia) hallmark, mark impressed on silverwork or goldwork to signify official approval of the standard of purity of the metal, also called plate mark. The hallmark was introduced by statute…