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Zunz, Leopold

(Encyclopedia) Zunz, LeopoldZunz, Leopoldlāˈōpôlt ts&oobreve;ntsˈ [key], 1794–1886, German Jewish scholar. His critical research on Judaism became one of the cornerstones of the “science of…

Wiechert, Ernst

(Encyclopedia) Wiechert, ErnstWiechert, Ernstĕrnst vēˈkhĕrt [key], 1887–1950, German novelist. His works, distinguished by a poetic prose style, generally deal with his native East Prussia and the…

Arnauld

(Encyclopedia) ArnauldArnauldärnōˈ [key], French family involved in Jansenism (see under Jansen, Cornelis). The name is also spelled Arnaut or Arnault. The leader was a nun, Marie Angélique de Sainte…

France, Anatole

(Encyclopedia) France, AnatoleFrance, Anatoleänätôlˈ fräNs [key], pseud. of Jacques Anatole ThibaultFrance, Anatolezhäk, tēbōˈ [key], 1844–1924, French writer. He was probably the most prominent…

Salon

(Encyclopedia) Salon, annual exhibition of art works chosen by jury and presented by the French Academy since 1737; it was originally held in the Salon d'Apollon of the Louvre. By the mid-19th cent.…

Stamma, Philip

(Encyclopedia) Stamma, Philip or Philipp, c.1705–55, Syrian-born chess pioneer. He lived in France and Italy before settling in England c.1737. There he attained a reputation as a fine chess player,…

Prix de Rome, Grand

(Encyclopedia) Prix de Rome, GrandPrix de Rome, GrandgräN prē də rôm [key], prize awarded annually by the French government, through competitive examination, to students of the fine arts. It entitles…

Gleizes, Albert Léon

(Encyclopedia) Gleizes, Albert LéonGleizes, Albert Léonälbĕrˈ lāôNˈ glĕz [key], 1881–1953, French cubist painter, illustrator, and writer. He was among the outstanding cubists in the Salon des…

Mombert, Alfred

(Encyclopedia) Mombert, AlfredMombert, Alfredälˈfrĕt mômˈbĕrt [key], 1872–1942, German poet. He was briefly a lawyer and public official. His works, characterized by mysticism, fantasy, and…

chartreuse

(Encyclopedia) chartreusechartreuseshärtr&oomacr;zˈ [key], liqueur made exclusively by Carthusians at their monastery, La Grande Chartreuse, France, until their expulsion in 1903. The French…