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Carrère, John Merven

(Encyclopedia) Carrère, John MervenCarrère, John Mervenkərârˈ [key], 1858–1911, American architect, b. Rio de Janeiro. After graduating from the École des Beaux-Arts, Paris, he worked under McKim,…

Changing Views of Free Speech in the U.S.

Many Americans, including many who supported the new Constitution, criticized the document because it lacked a bill of rights—a listing of the basic rights held by people against the new…

Encyclopédie

(Encyclopedia) EncyclopédieEncyclopédieäNsēklôpādēˈ [key], the work of the French Encyclopedists, or philosophes. The full title was Encyclopédie; ou, Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts, et…

Anquetil, Jacques

(Encyclopedia) Anquetil, JacquesAnquetil, Jacqueszhäk äNkətēlˈ [key], 1934–87, French bicycle racer, b. Mont-Saint-Aignan, Normandy. Beginning to race in 1951, he won the French amateur championship…

Illinois Waterway

(Encyclopedia) Illinois Waterway, 336 mi (541 km) long, linking Lake Michigan with the Mississippi River, N Ill.; an important part of the waterway connecting the Great Lakes with the Gulf of Mexico…

Jouvenet, Jean Baptiste

(Encyclopedia) Jouvenet, Jean BaptisteJouvenet, Jean BaptistezhäN bätēstˈ zh&oomacr;vənāˈ [key], 1644–1717, French painter, one of a family of painters. He worked in Paris in the studio of…

Joliet

(Encyclopedia) JolietJolietjōˈlēĕtˌ [key], city (1990 pop. 76,836), seat of Will co., NE Ill., on the Des Plaines River; inc. 1857. It is a river port and an industrial shipping center, with…

Ledoux, Claude Nicolas

(Encyclopedia) Ledoux, Claude NicolasLedoux, Claude Nicolasklōd nēkôläˈ ləd&oomacr;ˈ [key], 1736–1806, French architect. He built palaces and various public buildings, among them the tollhouses (…

Zunz, Leopold

(Encyclopedia) Zunz, LeopoldZunz, Leopoldlāˈōpôlt ts&oobreve;ntsˈ [key], 1794–1886, German Jewish scholar. His critical research on Judaism became one of the cornerstones of the “science of…

Wiechert, Ernst

(Encyclopedia) Wiechert, ErnstWiechert, Ernstĕrnst vēˈkhĕrt [key], 1887–1950, German novelist. His works, distinguished by a poetic prose style, generally deal with his native East Prussia and the…