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Plessy v. Ferguson

(Encyclopedia) Plessy v. Ferguson, case decided by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1896. The court upheld an 1890 Louisiana statute mandating racially segregated but equal railroad carriages, ruling that…

Shotwell, James Thomson

(Encyclopedia) Shotwell, James Thomson, 1874–1965, Canadian-American historian, b. Strathroy, Ont. A teacher of history at Columbia from 1900 and professor from 1908 to 1942, Shotwell also worked…

Orsini, Felice

(Encyclopedia) Orsini, FeliceOrsini, Felicefālēˈchā [key]Orsini, Felice ōrsēˈnē [key], 1819–58, Italian patriot who attempted to assassinate the French emperor Napoleon III. He was a follower of…

class action

(Encyclopedia) class action, in law, a device that permits one or more persons to sue or be sued as representative of a large group of people interested in the matter at issue. The court in whose…

Martin v. Hunter's Lessee

(Encyclopedia) Martin v. Hunter's Lessee, case decided in 1816 by the U.S. Supreme Court. From 1779 to 1785, Virginia passed a series of laws by which the state confiscated all lands owned by…

Kelly, John

(Encyclopedia) Kelly, John, 1822–86, American politician, boss of Tammany Hall, b. New York City. He entered politics at an early age. At first he opposed Tammany Hall, but later (1853) joined the…

Kati Thanda–Lake Eyre

(Encyclopedia) Kati Thanda–Lake Eyre, formerly Lake Eyre, shallow salt lake, central South Australia state, Australia. The lake, in fact two lakes connected by a channel, is the continent's lowest…

Lincoln, Mary Todd

(Encyclopedia) Lincoln, Mary Todd, 1818–82, wife of Abraham Lincoln, b. Lexington, Ky. Of a good Kentucky family, she was living with her sister, daughter-in-law of Gov. Ninian Edwards of Illinois,…

Americans with Disabilities Act

(Encyclopedia) Americans with Disabilities Act, U.S. civil-rights law, enacted 1990, that forbids discrimination of various sorts against persons with physical or mental handicaps. Its primary…

Fahd bin Abdul Aziz

(Encyclopedia) Fahd bin Abdul AzizFahd bin Abdul Azizfäd ĭbˈən ăbd&oobreve;lˈ ăzēzˈ [key], 1923–2005, king of Saudi Arabia (1982–2005). A son of Ibn Saud, the founder of Saudi Arabia, Fahd served…