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Raeder, Erich

(Encyclopedia) Raeder, ErichRaeder, Erichāˈrĭkh rāˈdər [key], 1876–1960, German admiral. As chief of staff to Admiral Franz von Hipper in World War I, he took part in the battles of Dogger Bank (1915…

Rehnskiöld, Karl Gustaf

(Encyclopedia) Rehnskiöld, Karl GustafRehnskiöld, Karl Gustafkärl gŭsˈtäv rānˈshöld [key], 1651–1722, Swedish field marshal. One of the ablest lieutenants of Charles XII in the Northern War, he…

Ballivián, José

(Encyclopedia) Ballivián, JoséBallivián, Joséhōsāˈ bäyēvyänˈ [key], 1805–52, president of Bolivia (1841–47). An able military commander who had served in the war against Spain, Ballivián was…

Ord, Edward Otho Cresap

(Encyclopedia) Ord, Edward Otho Cresap, 1818–83, Union general in the American Civil War, b. Cumberland, Md. He commanded a brigade in Virginia (1861–62), was promoted to major general of volunteers…

Foix, Gaston de

(Encyclopedia) Foix, Gaston deFoix, Gaston degästôNˈ də fwä [key], 1489–1512, duc de Nemours, French general in the Italian Wars; nephew of King Louis XII. As commander of the French army in Italy in…

Ghazouani, Mohamed Ould

(Encyclopedia) Ghazouani, Mohamed Ould, 1956–, Mauritanian military and political leader, president of Mauritania (2019–). He joined the military in the late 1970s, rising to become commander of the…

Gorchakov, Mikhail Dmitreyevich, Prince

(Encyclopedia) Gorchakov, Mikhail Dmitreyevich, PrinceGorchakov, Mikhail Dmitreyevich, Princemēkhəyēlˈ dəmēˈtrēəvĭch [key]Gorchakov, Mikhail Dmitreyevich, Prince gərchəkôfˈ [key], 1793–1861, Russian…

Velasco Alvarado, Juan

(Encyclopedia) Velasco Alvarado, JuanVelasco Alvarado, Juanhwän vāläsˈkō älväräˈᵺō [key], 1910–77, president of Peru (1968–75). Born of working class parents, he entered the army (1929) and rose to…

Tedder, Arthur William Tedder, 1st Baron

(Encyclopedia) Tedder, Arthur William Tedder, 1st Baron, 1890–1967, British air marshal. He saw service in the infantry and the Royal Flying Corps in World War I. After 1919 he held important…

Beauharnais, Alexandre, vicomte de

(Encyclopedia) Beauharnais, Alexandre, vicomte deBeauharnais, Alexandre, vicomte deälĕksäNˈdrə vēkôNtˈ də bōärnāˈ [key], 1760–94, French general, b. Martinique. He fought with the colonials in the…