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Jellicoe, John Rushworth Jellicoe, 1st Earl

(Encyclopedia) Jellicoe, John Rushworth Jellicoe, 1st Earl, 1859–1935, British admiral. Crowning a naval career begun in 1872, he served (1914–16) as commander in chief of the Grand Fleet in World…

Charles V, duke of Lorraine

(Encyclopedia) Charles V (Charles Leopold), 1643–90, duke of Lorraine; nephew of Duke Charles IV. Deprived of the rights of succession to the duchy, he was forced to leave France and entered the…

Cialdini, Enrico

(Encyclopedia) Cialdini, EnricoCialdini, Enricoănrēˈkō chäldēˈnē [key], 1811–92, Italian general and diplomat. During the wars leading to Italian unification he fought in Sardinian service in the…

Duquesne, Abraham

(Encyclopedia) Duquesne, AbrahamDuquesne, Abrahamäbrä-ämˈ dükĕnˈ [key], 1610–88, French naval officer. In the Fronde outbreaks, he suppressed a revolt at Bordeaux (1650). As commander of the new…

Carausius

(Encyclopedia) CarausiusCarausiuskərôshˈēəs [key], d. 293, Gallo-Roman military commander. He was stationed in Gaul, but Emperor Maximian suspected him of conspiring with the Germans and condemned…

Valera y Alcalá Galiano, Juan

(Encyclopedia) Valera y Alcalá Galiano, JuanValera y Alcalá Galiano, Juanhwän välāˈrä ē älkäläˈ gälyäˈnō [key], 1824–1905, Spanish writer and diplomat. Of a leading liberal family, Valera was a…

Shackleton, Sir Ernest Henry

(Encyclopedia) Shackleton, Sir Ernest Henry, 1874–1922, British antarctic explorer, b. Ireland. The first of his voyages to Antarctica was made as a member of the expedition (1901–4) of Robert F.…

Hood, John Bell

(Encyclopedia) Hood, John Bell, 1831–79, Confederate general in the American Civil War, b. Owingsville, Ky. He resigned from the army (Apr., 1861) and entered the Confederate service 1862. He fought…

O'Brian, Patrick

(Encyclopedia) O'Brian, Patrick, 1914–2000, British novelist, b. near London as Richard Patrick Russ. He changed his name in 1945 and after World War II settled in France. O'Brian's first novel,…