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Vieira, Antonio

(Encyclopedia) Vieira, AntonioVieira, Antonioəntôˈny&oobreve; vyāˈērə [key], 1608–97, Portuguese Jesuit orator and missionary. Born in Lisbon, he grew up in Brazil. He was sent by the Jesuits to…

Budé, Guillaume

(Encyclopedia) Budé, GuillaumeBudé, Guillaumegēyōmˈ büdāˈ [key], 1467–1540, French humanist, b. Paris. Budé, known also by the Latinized form of his name, Budaeus, was a towering figure of the…

Wieland, Christoph Martin

(Encyclopedia) Wieland, Christoph MartinWieland, Christoph Martinkrĭsˈtôf märˈtĭn vēˈlänt [key], 1733–1813, German poet and novelist. His style, typical of the German rococo, is elegant, satiric, and…

Wirtz, Jacques

(Encyclopedia) Wirtz, Jacques, 1924–2018, Belgian landscape architect. Highly influential, he used classical techniques in new and innovative ways in the more than 100 gardens and grounds he designed…

Warshel, Arieh

(Encyclopedia) Warshel, Arieh, 1940–, Israeli-American chemist, b. Kibbutz Sde Nahum (in what is now Israel), Ph.D. Weizmann Institute, 1969. He has been a professor at the Univ. of Southern…

Yourcenar, Marguerite

(Encyclopedia) Yourcenar, MargueriteYourcenar, Margueritemärgərētˈ y&oomacr;rsənärˈ [key], 1903–87, French writer, b. Belgium as Marguerite de Crayencour. The first woman elected (1980) to the…

Böhm-Bawerk, Eugen

(Encyclopedia) Böhm-Bawerk, EugenBöhm-Bawerk, Eugenoigānˈ bömˈ-bäˈvĕrk [key], 1851–1914, Austrian economist. Three times minister of finance (1895, 1897, and 1900), he initiated important tax reforms…

Bloch, Ernest

(Encyclopedia) Bloch, ErnestBloch, Ernestblŏk, Ger. blôkh [key], 1880–1959, Swiss-American composer. Among his teachers were Jaques-Dalcroze and Ysaÿe. He taught at the Geneva Conservatory, 1911–15,…

Blondel, François

(Encyclopedia) Blondel, FrançoisBlondel, FrançoisfräNswäˈ blôNdĕlˈ [key], 1617–86, French architect. In 1672 he became director of the Academy of Architecture. Blondel's writings, which exerted great…

Marshall, Alfred

(Encyclopedia) Marshall, Alfred, 1842–1924, English economist. At Cambridge, where he taught from 1885 to 1908, he exerted great influence on the development of economic thought of the time; one of…