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Lützow, Adolf, Freiherr von

(Encyclopedia) Lützow, Adolf, Freiherr vonLützow, Adolf, Freiherr vonäˈdôlf frīˈhĕr fən lüˈtsō [key], 1782–1834, Prussian officer. He commanded (1813–14) a volunteer corps, the Black Troops (or Black…

Chiatura

(Encyclopedia) ChiaturaChiaturachēət&oomacr;ˈrə [key], city (1989 pop. 29,228), S central Georgia, on the Kvirila River. One of the world's largest manganese producers, Chiatura alone accounted…

Richthofen, Manfred, Baron von

(Encyclopedia) Richthofen, Manfred, Baron vonRichthofen, Manfred, Baron vonmänˈfrāt [key], 1892–1918, German aviator in World War I. He was credited with the spectacular achievement of shooting down…

Barbier, Antoine Alexandre

(Encyclopedia) Barbier, Antoine AlexandreBarbier, Antoine AlexandreäNtwänˈ älĕksäNˈdrə bärbyāˈ [key], 1765–1825, French bibliographer and government librarian. Barbier was one of a committee…

Gauden, John

(Encyclopedia) Gauden, JohnGauden, Johngôˈdən [key], 1605–62, English clergyman. He claimed to have written the Eikon Basilike (1649), a tract in defense of Charles I. After the Restoration, Gauden…

Dura, ancient city, Syria

(Encyclopedia) DuraDurad&oobreve;rˈə [key] or EuropusDuray&oobreve;rōˈpəs [key], ancient city of Syria, E of Palmyra on a plateau above the Euphrates River. It is also called Dura-Europos or…

Chess: World Champions

Garry Kasparov became the youngest man to win the world chess championship when he beat fellow Russian Anatoly Karpov in 1985 at age 22. In 1993, Kasparov and…

Neuilly, Treaty of

(Encyclopedia) Neuilly, Treaty ofNeuilly, Treaty ofnöyēˈ [key], 1919, peace treaty concluded between the Allies and Bulgaria after World War I. It was signed at Neuilly-sur-Seine, France. Bulgaria…

Alexius II

(Encyclopedia) Alexius II (Alexius Comnenus), 1168–83, Byzantine emperor (1180–83), son and successor of Manuel I. His mother, Mary of Antioch, who was regent for him, alienated the population by…

Cheke, Sir John

(Encyclopedia) Cheke, Sir JohnCheke, Sir Johnchēk [key], 1514–57, English scholar. As professor of Greek at Cambridge he taught Roger Ascham and later was tutor to Edward VI. A Protestant, he was…