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Tönnies, Ferdinand

(Encyclopedia) Tönnies, FerdinandTönnies, Ferdinandfĕrˈdēnänt tönˈyəs [key], 1855–1936, German sociologist and political scientist. He is noted for his analysis of the distinction between the older…

Toomer, Jean

(Encyclopedia) Toomer, Jean, 1894–1967, American writer, b. Washington, D.C., as Nathan Eugene Toomer. A major figure of the Harlem Renaissance, he is known mainly for Cane (1923, rev. ed. 1988, 2011…

Porson, Richard

(Encyclopedia) Porson, Richard, 1759–1808, English classical scholar, b. Norfolk. A poor boy, he showed such astonishing powers of memory that patrons sent him through Eton and Cambridge. He was…

Simpson, Matthew

(Encyclopedia) Simpson, Matthew, 1811–84, American Methodist bishop, b. Cadiz, Ohio. In 1839 he became the first president of Indiana Asbury Univ. (now DePauw Univ.). He edited (1848–52) the Western…

Bates, Henry Walter

(Encyclopedia) Bates, Henry Walter, 1825–92, English naturalist and explorer. In 1848 he went with A. R. Wallace to Brazil, where he explored the upper Amazon, returning in 1859 with some 8,000 new…

Ross, Betsy

(Encyclopedia) Ross, Betsy, 1752–1836, American seamstress, b. Philadelphia. Her full name was Elizabeth Griscom Ross Ashburn Claypoole. She is known to have made flags during the American Revolution…

Gallipoli campaign

(Encyclopedia) Gallipoli campaign, 1915, Allied expedition in World War I for the purpose of gaining control of the Dardanelles and Bosporus straits, capturing Constantinople, and opening a Black Sea…

Frankfurt School

(Encyclopedia) Frankfurt School, a group of researchers associated with the Institut für Sozialforschung (Institute of Social Research), founded in 1923 as an autonomous division of the Univ. of…

Guggenheim Museum

(Encyclopedia) Guggenheim Museum, officially Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, major museum of modern art in New York City. Founded in 1939 as the Museum of Non-objective Art, the Guggenheim is known for…

Guinness, Sir Alec

(Encyclopedia) Guinness, Sir AlecGuinness, Sir Alecgĭnˈəs [key], 1914–2000, English actor, b. London. After his stage debut in 1934, Guinness performed with John Gielgud's company and at the Old Vic…