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Crerar, Henry Duncan Graham

(Encyclopedia) Crerar, Henry Duncan GrahamCrerar, Henry Duncan Grahamkrērˈär [key], 1888–1965, Canadian general in World War II. He fought in World War I and later headed the Royal Military College.…

Bosworth Field

(Encyclopedia) Bosworth Field, Leicestershire, central England. It was the scene of the battle (1485) at which Richard III was killed and the crown was passed to his opponent, the earl of Richmond (…

Henry II, king of France

(Encyclopedia) Henry II, 1519–59, king of France (1547–59), son of King Francis I. His robust physique contrasted with his weak and pliant disposition. Throughout his reign he was governed by Anne de…

Clarendon, Constitutions of

(Encyclopedia) Clarendon, Constitutions of, 1164, articles issued by King Henry II of England at the Council of Clarendon defining the customs governing relations between church and state. In the…

Provisions of Oxford

(Encyclopedia) Provisions of Oxford, 1258, a scheme of governmental reform forced upon Henry III of England by his barons. In 1258 a group of barons, angered by the king's Sicilian adventure and the…

Boleslaus I

(Encyclopedia) Boleslaus IBoleslaus Ibōˈləslôs [key], c.966–1025, Polish ruler (992–1025), the first to call himself king; also called Boleslaus the Brave. He succeeded his father, Mieszko I, as duke…

Morley, Sylvanus Griswold

(Encyclopedia) Morley, Sylvanus Griswold, 1883–1948, American archaeologist, b. Chester, Pa., grad. Harvard, 1908. A specialist in Middle American archaeology and Mayan heiroglyphs, Morley did…

Metchnikoff, Élie

(Encyclopedia) Metchnikoff, ÉlieMetchnikoff, Élieālēˈ mĕchˈnĭkôf [key], 1845–1916, Russian biologist. He studied in Russia and Germany, lectured at the Univ. of Odessa, and, after working with…

Kollwitz, Käthe Schmidt

(Encyclopedia) Kollwitz, Käthe SchmidtKollwitz, Käthe Schmidtkāˈtə shmĭt kôlˈvĭts [key], 1867–1945, German graphic artist and sculptor. She first gained a reputation with her illustrations for…

Deutsches Theater

(Encyclopedia) Deutsches TheaterDeutsches Theaterdoiˈchəs tāäˈtər [key], German private theater organization founded in 1883. Under its first director, Adolph L'Arronge, the Deutsches merged with the…