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Atwood, Margaret Eleanor

(Encyclopedia) Atwood, Margaret Eleanor, 1939–, Canadian novelist and poet. Atwood is a skilled and powerful storyteller whose novels, set mainly in the near future, sometimes make use of such…

materialism

(Encyclopedia) materialism, in philosophy, a widely held system of thought that explains the nature of the world as entirely dependent on matter, the fundamental and final reality beyond which…

Malraux, André

(Encyclopedia) Malraux, AndréMalraux, AndréäNdrāˈ mälrōˈ [key], 1901–76, French man of letters and political figure. An intellectual with a broad knowledge of archaeology, art history, and…

conscientious objector

(Encyclopedia) conscientious objector, person who, on the grounds of conscience, resists the authority of the state to compel military service. Such resistance, emerging in time of war, may be based…

Foster, Norman Robert, Baron Foster of Thames Bank

(Encyclopedia) Foster, Norman Robert, Baron Foster of Thames Bank, 1935–, British architect, b. Manchester, grad. Manchester Univ. school of architecture (1961), Yale school of architecture (M.A.,…

William of Occam

(Encyclopedia) William of Occam or OckhamWilliam of Occam or Ockhamboth: ŏkˈəm [key], c.1285–c.1349, English scholastic philosopher. A Franciscan, Occam studied and taught at Oxford from c.1310 until…

Ptolemy I

(Encyclopedia) Ptolemy I (Ptolemy Soter)Ptolemy Itŏlˈəmē sōˈtər [key], d. 284 b.c., king of ancient Egypt, the first ruler of the Macedonian dynasty (or Lagid dynasty), son of a Macedonian named…

Mafia

(Encyclopedia) MafiaMafiamäˈfēä [key], name given to a number of organized groups of Sicilian brigands in the 19th and 20th cent. Unlike the Camorra in Naples, the Mafia had no hierarchic…

Browning, Robert

(Encyclopedia) Browning, Robert, 1812–89, English poet. His remarkably broad and sound education was primarily the work of his artistic and scholarly parents—in particular his father, a London bank…

Warburg, Aby

(Encyclopedia) Warburg, Aby (Abraham Moritz Warburg), 1866–1929, German historian of art and culture, b. Hamburg, studied art history in Bonn, Munich, Florence, and Strasbourg, where he received a…