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Montespan, Françoise Athénaïs, marquise de

(Encyclopedia) Montespan, Françoise Athénaïs, marquise deMontespan, Françoise Athénaïs, marquise defräNswäzˈ ätānäēsˈ märkēzˈ də môNtəspäNˈ [key], 1641–1707, mistress of King Louis XIV of France. She…

Olympe de Gouges Biography

Olympe de Gouges(Marie Gouze)feminist, writerBorn: 1745?Birthplace: Montauban, Languedoc, France De Gouges was an ardent advocate of many human rights, especially equality for women, at a…

Prix de Rome, Grand

(Encyclopedia) Prix de Rome, GrandPrix de Rome, GrandgräN prē də rôm [key], prize awarded annually by the French government, through competitive examination, to students of the fine arts. It entitles…

Foix, Gaston de

(Encyclopedia) Foix, Gaston deFoix, Gaston degästôNˈ də fwä [key], 1489–1512, duc de Nemours, French general in the Italian Wars; nephew of King Louis XII. As commander of the French army in Italy in…

Burgh, Hubert de

(Encyclopedia) Burgh, Hubert deBurgh, Hubert dehy&oomacr;ˈbərt də bûrg, bûrˈə [key], d. 1243, chief justiciar of England under kings John and Henry III. Having served as a royal minister and…

Malherbe, François de

(Encyclopedia) Malherbe, François deMalherbe, François defräNswäˈ də mälĕrbˈ [key], 1555–1628, French poet and critic, official poet of Henry IV and Louis XIII. His own poems approach technical…

Innocent XI

(Encyclopedia) Innocent XI, 1611–89, pope (1676–89), an Italian named Benedetto Odescalchi, b. Como; successor of Clement X. He was elected because of his great saintliness and desire for reform. His…