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Choiseul, Étienne François, duc de

(Encyclopedia) Choiseul, Étienne François, duc deChoiseul, Étienne François, duc deātyĕnˈ fräNswäˈ [key]Choiseul, Étienne François, duc de dük də shwäzölˈ [key], 1719–85, French statesman. After…

Gramont, Philibert, comte de

(Encyclopedia) Gramont, Philibert, comte deGramont, Philibert, comte defēlēbârˈ kôNt də [key]Gramont, Philibert, comte de grämôNˈ [key], 1621–1707, French courtier at the court of King Louis XIV. He…

Aragon, Louis

(Encyclopedia) Aragon, LouisAragon, Louislwē ärägôNˈ [key], 1897–1982, French writer. One of the founders of surrealism in literature, Aragon abandoned that philosophy for Marxism after a trip to the…

Cheverus, Jean Louis Anne Madeleine Lefebvre de

(Encyclopedia) Cheverus, Jean Louis Anne Madeleine Lefebvre deCheverus, Jean Louis Anne Madeleine Lefebvre dezhäN lwē än mädəlĕnˈ ləfĕˈvrə də shəvrüsˈ [key], 1768–1836, French churchman, first Roman…

Portocarrero, Luis Manuel Fernández de

(Encyclopedia) Portocarrero, Luis Manuel Fernández dePortocarrero, Luis Manuel Fernández delwēs mänwĕlˈ fĕrnänˈdāth dā pôrˈtōkärāˈrō [key], 1635–1709, Spanish statesman, cardinal of the Roman…

parlement

(Encyclopedia) parlementparlementpärˈləmənt, Fr. pärləmäNˈ [key], in French history, the chief judicial body under the ancien régime. The parlement consisted of a number of separate chambers: the…

Chambord

(Encyclopedia) Chambord, château, park, and village (1993 est. pop. 200), all owned by the state, in Loir-et-Cher dept., N central France. The huge Renaissance château, built by Francis I and set in…

Berthollet, Claude Louis, Comte

(Encyclopedia) Berthollet, Claude Louis, ComteBerthollet, Claude Louis, Comteklōd lwē, kôNt bĕrtōlāˈ [key], 1748–1822, French chemist. His contributions to chemistry include the analysis of ammonia…

Montholon, Charles Tristan, marquis de

(Encyclopedia) Montholon, Charles Tristan, marquis deMontholon, Charles Tristan, marquis deshärl trēstäNˈ märkēˈ də môNtōlôNˈ [key], 1783–1853, French general in the Napoleonic Wars. He accompanied…

Tourville, Anne Hilarion de Cotentin, comte de

(Encyclopedia) Tourville, Anne Hilarion de Cotentin, comte deTourville, Anne Hilarion de Cotentin, comte deän ēläryôNˈ də kôtäNtăNˈ kôNt də t&oomacr;rvēlˈ [key], 1642–1701, French naval commander…