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Abu Said ibn Abi al-Khair

(Encyclopedia) Abu Said ibn Abi al-KhairAbu Said ibn Abi al-Khairäˈb&oomacr; säˈĭd ĭˈbən äbēˈ äl-khīrˈ [key], 967–1049, Persian poet, a Sufi and a dervish. He was the first to write rubaiyat (…

Banna, Hasan al-

(Encyclopedia) Banna, Hasan al-Banna, Hasan al-häsˈsän äl-bänˈnə [key], 1906–49, Egyptian religious and political leader; founder of the Muslim Brotherhood. He was involved with traditional Islamic…

Kitab al-Aghani

(Encyclopedia) Kitab al-AghaniKitab al-Aghanikētäbˈ äl-ägänēˈ [key] [Arab.,=book of songs], collection of poems in many volumes compiled by Abu al-Faraj Ali of Esfahan. It contains poems from the…

Bukhari, Muhammad ibn Ismail, al-

(Encyclopedia) Bukhari, Muhammad ibn Ismail, al-Bukhari, Muhammad ibn Ismail, al-b&oomacr;k-härēˈ [key] (c.810–70), Arabic scholar, b. Bukhara. He traveled widely over Muslim regions and made an…

Ibn Saud

(Encyclopedia) Ibn Saud (Abd al-Aziz ibn Saud)Ibn Saudĭˈbən sä&oomacr;dˈ [key], c.1880–1953, founder of Saudi Arabia and its first king. His family, with its regular seat at Riyadh in the Nejd,…

Kindi, al-

(Encyclopedia) Kindi, al- (Abu Yusuf Yakub ibn Ishak al-Kindi)Kindi, al-äˈb&oomacr; y&oomacr;s&oobreve;fˈ yäk&oomacr;bˈ ĭbˈən ēshäkˈ ăl-kĭnˈdē [key], 9th cent. Arab philosopher, b.…

Abd al-Malik

(Encyclopedia) Abd al-MalikAbd al-Malikäbˌd&oobreve;l-mälĭkˈ [key], c.646–705, 5th Umayyad caliph (685–705); son of Marwan I. At his accession, Islam was torn by dissension and threatened by the…

Louis IX, king of France

(Encyclopedia) Louis IX or Saint Louis, 1214–70, king of France (1226–70), son and successor of Louis VIII. His mother, Blanche of Castile, was regent during his minority (1226–34), and her regency…

Al Hillah

(Encyclopedia) Al HillahAl Hillahäl hĭlˈlä [key], city (1987 pop. 268,834), provincial capital, central Iraq, on a branch of the Euphrates River. It was built (c.1100) largely of material taken from…

Al Kufah

(Encyclopedia) Al KufahAl Kufahäl k&oomacr;ˈfä [key], town, S central Iraq. Founded (638) by Caliph Umar I, it was one of the two Muslim centers (the other was Basra) of the early Ummayad caliphs.