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Al Kut

(Encyclopedia) Al KutAl Kutäl k&oomacr;t [key], town, SE Iraq, on the Tigris River. It is a port and a market center for grains, dates, fruit, and vegetables. There is a large barrage on the…

Amru al-Kais

(Encyclopedia) Amru al-KaisAmru al-Kaisämˈr&oomacr; äl-kīs [key], fl. 6th cent., Arabic poet. His verse, like much of the poetry of the pre-Islamic period, is intensely subjective and…

Qaeda, Al

(Encyclopedia) Qaeda, Al, or Al Qaida: see Al Qaeda.

Al Qaeda

(Encyclopedia) Al Qaeda or Al QaidaAl Qaidaäl kīˈĕdə, käˈĭdä [key] [Arab.,=the base], Sunni Islamic terrorist organization with the stated goals of uniting all Muslims and establishing a…

Mamun, al-

(Encyclopedia) Mamun, al- (Abu al-Abbas Abd Allah al-Mamun)Mamun, al-mäm&oomacr;nˈ [key], 786–833, 7th Abbasid caliph (813–33); son of Harun ar-Rashid. He succeeded his brother al-Amin after a…

Al-Farghani

(Encyclopedia) Al-FarghaniAl-Farghaniäl-färgäˈnē [key] or AlfraganusAlfraganusălfrəgāˈnəs [key], d. after 861, Arab astronomer. Al-Farghani was born in Farghana, Transoxania (present-day Fergana,…

Habash al-Hasib

(Encyclopedia) Habash al-HasibHabash al-Hasibhäbäshˈ äl-häsēbˈ [key], d. c.870, Arab mathematician and astronomer. Habash al-Hasib was born in what is now Mary, Turkmenistan, and worked in Baghdad.…

Zawahiri, Ayman al-

(Encyclopedia) Zawahiri or Zawahri, Ayman al-Zawahiri or Zawahri, Ayman al-both: īˈmän äl-zäwäˈrē [key], 1951–, militant Egyptian Islamist. A surgeon by education and training, he became involved…

Gezira, Al

(Encyclopedia) Gezira, AlGezira, Aläl jəzēˈrə [key], or Al JazirahGezira, Aläl jäzēˈrä [key], region, SE Sudan, occupying the tract between the White and Blue Niles south of their convergence at…

Abu al-Faraj Ali of Esfahan

(Encyclopedia) Abu al-Faraj Ali of EsfahanAbu al-Faraj Ali of Esfahanäˈb&oomacr; äl-färajˈ älēˈ, ĕsfähänˈ [key], 897–967, Arabic scholar from Iran. He is mainly known for his invaluable Kitab al-…