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Cavaignac, Louis Eugène

(Encyclopedia) Cavaignac, Louis EugèneCavaignac, Louis Eugènelwē özhĕnˈ kävānyäkˈ [key], 1802–57, French general. He participated in the French conquest of Algeria and was promoted to general in 1844…

Robespierre, Maximilien Marie Isidore

(Encyclopedia) Robespierre, Maximilien Marie IsidoreRobespierre, Maximilien Marie IsidoremäksēmēlyăNˈ märēˈ ēzēdôrˈ rôbĕspyĕrˈ [key], 1758–94, one of the leading figures of the French Revolution…

North Africa, campaigns in

(Encyclopedia) North Africa, campaigns in, series of military contests for control of North Africa during World War II. The desert war started in 1940 and for more than two years thereafter seesawed…

Arab-Israeli Wars

(Encyclopedia) Arab-Israeli Wars, conflicts in 1948–49, 1956, 1967, 1973–74, and 1982 between Israel and the Arab states. Tensions between Israel and the Arabs have been complicated and heightened by…

Matsuoka, Yosuke

(Encyclopedia) Matsuoka, YosukeMatsuoka, Yosukeyōs&oomacr;ˈkē mäts&oomacr;ˈōkä [key], 1880–1946, Japanese statesman and diplomat. After graduating from the Univ. of Oregon, he served briefly…

Leo III, Saint, pope

(Encyclopedia) Leo III, Saint, pope (795–816), a Roman; successor of Adrian I. He was attacked about the face and eyes by members of Adrian's family, who hoped to render him unfit for the papacy. Leo…

Libra

(Encyclopedia) LibraLibralēˈbrə, līˈ– [key] [Lat.,=the scales], southern constellation lying on the ecliptic (the sun's apparent path through the heavens) between Virgo and Scorpius; it is one of the…

McClernand, John Alexander

(Encyclopedia) McClernand, John Alexander, 1812–1900, Union general in the American Civil War, b. Breckinridge co., Ky. He was admitted (1832) to the Illinois bar and sat as a Democrat in the U.S.…

Raisi, Ebrahim

(Encyclopedia) Raisi, Ebrahim , 1960- , Iranian cleric and political leader, b. Mashhad, as Ebrahim Raisol-Sadati. Raisi’s educational history is…

roe deer

(Encyclopedia) roe deer, small, short-horned deer, Capreolus capreolus, of Britain and Europe and as far east as China and Siberia. Its coat is golden red in summer, darkening to brown or even black…