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Bute, John Stuart, 3d earl of

(Encyclopedia) Bute, John Stuart, 3d earl ofBute, John Stuart, 3d earl ofby&oomacr;t [key], 1713–92, British politician. He was prominent as a friend of Frederick Louis, prince of Wales, as early…

Weir, Julian Alden

(Encyclopedia) Weir, Julian AldenWeir, Julian Aldenwēr [key], 1852–1919, b. West Point, N.Y., American painter. He studied with his father Robert Walter Weir, a landscape painter of the Hudson River…

epistemology

(Encyclopedia) epistemologyepistemologyĭpĭsˌtəmŏlˈəjē [key] [Gr.,=knowledge or science], the branch of philosophy that is directed toward theories of the sources, nature, and limits of knowledge.…

Seeger, Ruth Crawford

(Encyclopedia) Seeger, Ruth Crawford, 1901–53, American composer and folklorist, b. East Liverpool, Ohio, as Ruth Porter Crawford, studied American Conservatory, Chicago; stepmother of Pete Seeger…

Gielgud, Sir John

(Encyclopedia) Gielgud, Sir John (Arthur John Gielgud)Gielgud, Sir Johngĭlˈg&oobreve;d [key], 1904–2000, English actor, director, and producer. A grandnephew of Ellen Terry, Gielgud made his…

Pius XII

(Encyclopedia) Pius XII, 1876–1958, pope (1939–58), an Italian named Eugenio Pacelli, b. Rome; successor of Pius XI. Ordained a priest in 1899, he entered the Vatican's secretariat of state. He…

Pre-Raphaelites

(Encyclopedia) Pre-RaphaelitesPre-Raphaelitesprēˌ-răfˈēəlītsˌ [key], brotherhood of English painters and poets formed in 1848 in protest against what they saw as the low standards and decadence of…

Brecht, Bertolt

(Encyclopedia) Brecht, BertoltBrecht, Bertoltbĕrˈtôlt brĕkht [key], 1898–1956, German dramatist and poet, b. Eugen Berthold Friedrich Brecht. His brilliant wit, his outspoken Marxism, and his…

Murphy, Charles Francis

(Encyclopedia) Murphy, Charles Francis, 1858–1924, American political boss, b. New York City. He was the owner of many saloons in New York City and took a keen interest in Democratic politics. His…

Heard Island

(Encyclopedia) Heard Island, barren, uninhabited subantarctic island, 142 sq mi (368 sq km), S Indian Ocean, located some 300 mi (483 km) SE of the Kerguelen Islands. Mountainous and largely covered…