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Carroll, John

(Encyclopedia) Carroll, John, 1735–1815, American Roman Catholic churchman, b. Maryland. He studied as a child with Jesuits at Bohemia, Md., and later at Saint-Omer in Flanders, since Catholic…

Nozick, Robert

(Encyclopedia) Nozick, Robert, 1938–2002, American political philosopher, b. Brooklyn, N.Y.; grad. Columbia Univ. (B.A., 1959), Princeton (M.A., 1961; Ph.D., 1963). After teaching at Princeton and…

Copley, John Singleton, American portrait painter

(Encyclopedia) Copley, John SingletonCopley, John Singletonkŏpˈlē [key], 1738–1815, American portrait painter, b. Boston. Copley is considered the greatest of the American old masters. He studied…

Kennedy, Robert Francis

(Encyclopedia) Kennedy, Robert Francis, 1925–68, American politician, U.S. Attorney General (1961–64), b. Brookline, Mass., younger brother of President John F. Kennedy and son of Joseph P. Kennedy.…

Nevin, John Williamson

(Encyclopedia) Nevin, John Williamson, 1803–86, American theologian and educator, b. near Strasburg, Pa., grad. Union College, 1821, and Princeton Theological Seminary, 1826. He was professor of…

Muggleton, Lodowicke

(Encyclopedia) Muggleton, Lodowicke, 1609–98, English religious leader, a journeyman tailor. With his cousin John Reeve, also a tailor, he founded a new sect, whose adherents were known as…

Mather, Richard

(Encyclopedia) Mather, Richard, 1596–1669, British Puritan clergyman in North America, b. Lancashire, England. He studied at Oxford, began preaching, and was ordained in 1620. His Puritan beliefs led…

behaviorism

(Encyclopedia) behaviorism, school of psychology which seeks to explain animal and human behavior entirely in terms of observable and measurable responses to environmental stimuli. Behaviorism was…

utilitarianism

(Encyclopedia) utilitarianismutilitarianismy&oomacr;ˌtĭlĭtrˈēənĭzəm, y&oomacr;tĭˌ– [key], in ethics, the theory that the rightness or wrongness of an action is determined by its usefulness in…

John of Gaunt

(Encyclopedia) John of Gaunt [Mid. Eng. Gaunt=Ghent, his birthplace], 1340–99, duke of Lancaster; fourth son of Edward III of England. He married (1359) Blanche, heiress of Lancaster, and through her…