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Nanteuil, Robert

(Encyclopedia) Nanteuil, RobertNanteuil, Robertrōbĕrˈ näNtöˈyə [key], 1623?–1678, French draftsman and engraver. His pastel portraits gained him popularity, and in 1658 Louis XIV made him draftsman…

Cram, Donald James

(Encyclopedia) Cram, Donald James, 1919–2001, American chemist, b. Chester, Vt., Ph.D. Harvard, 1947. A professor at the Univ. of California at Los Angeles, Cram expanded on the work of Charles J.…

Hesdin, Jacquemart de

(Encyclopedia) Hesdin, Jacquemart deHesdin, Jacquemart dezhäkmärˈ də ādăNˈ [key], fl. c.1384–1411, Franco-Flemish manuscript illuminator. Jacquemart illustrated numerous books of hours, including a…

Hurok, Sol

(Encyclopedia) Hurok, SolHurok, Solhy&oobreve;rˈŏk, y&oobreve;rˈ– [key], 1888–1974, American impresario, b. Russia. Emigrating to the United States in 1906, Hurok was a peddler, streetcar…

Dacko, David

(Encyclopedia) Dacko, DavidDacko, Daviddävēdˈ däkōˈ [key], 1930–2003, president of the Central African Republic (1960–66, 1979–81). A leader in the independence movement in French Equatorial Africa,…

Kerr, Jean Collins

(Encyclopedia) Kerr, Jean Collins, 1923–2003, American comic author and playwright, b. Scranton, Pa., wife of Walter Kerr. Kerr had a knack for finding wry humor in the worlds of marriage, suburbia,…

essence

(Encyclopedia) essence, in philosophy, the nature of a thing. Aristotle maintained that there is a distinction between the form of a thing—its intelligible, verbally formulable character—and the…

Smith College

(Encyclopedia) Smith College, at Northampton, Mass.; undergraduate for women, graduate coeducational; chartered 1871, opened 1875 through a bequest of Sophia Smith. The first president, Laurenus…

Fragonard, Jean-Honoré

(Encyclopedia) Fragonard, Jean-HonoréFragonard, Jean-HonorézhäN-ōnôrāˈ frägônärˈ [key], 1732–1806, French painter. He studied with Chardin, Carle Vanloo, and intensively with Boucher, whose style he…

Marat, Jean Paul

(Encyclopedia) Marat, Jean PaulMarat, Jean PaulzhäN pōl märäˈ [key], 1743–93, French revolutionary, b. Switzerland. He studied medicine in England, acquired some repute as a doctor in London and…