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Lyell, Sir Charles

(Encyclopedia) Lyell, Sir CharlesLyell, Sir Charleslīˈəl [key], 1797–1875, British geologist. After studying and briefly practicing law, he spent most of his life in travel and in popularizing…

Rosicrucians

(Encyclopedia) RosicruciansRosicruciansrōzĭkr&oomacr;ˈshənz [key], members of an esoteric society or group of societies, who claim that their order has been in existence since the days of ancient…

Schoolcraft, Henry Rowe

(Encyclopedia) Schoolcraft, Henry Rowe, 1793–1864, American ethnologist, b. near Albany, N.Y. He gave enormous impetus to the study of Native American culture and may be regarded as the foremost…

Smith, Dame Maggie

(Encyclopedia) Smith, Dame Maggie (Dame Margaret Natalie Cross), 1934–, English actress. Smith first appeared on stage in Twelfth Night (1952). With her precise, sometimes rapid-fire, articulation…

sap

(Encyclopedia) sap, fluid in plants consisting of water and dissolved substances. Cell sap refers to this fluid present in the large vacuole, or cell cavity, that occupies most of the central portion…

Smollett, Tobias George

(Encyclopedia) Smollett, Tobias GeorgeSmollett, Tobias Georgesmŏlˈĭt [key], 1721–71, Scottish novelist. After studying at Glasgow he came to London in 1739. Failing to get his tragedy The Regicide…

Socinus, Laelius

(Encyclopedia) Socinus, LaeliusSocinus, Laeliuslēˈlēəs [key]Socinus, Laelius sōsīˈnəs [key] or Lelio SozziniLelio Sozzinilāˈlyō [key], 1525–62, Italian religious reformer. After becoming interested…

Frayn, Michael

(Encyclopedia) Frayn, Michael, 1933–, English playwright and novelist, b. London. After graduating from Cambridge he worked as a reporter and columnist for the Manchester Guardian and the Observer.…

Matthiessen, Peter

(Encyclopedia) Matthiessen, PeterMatthiessen, Petermăthˈəsən [key], American writer, naturalist, and adventurer, b. New York City, grad. Yale (1950). A founder (1951) of the literary Paris Review, he…

Auster, Paul

(Encyclopedia) Auster, PaulAuster, Paulôˈstər [key], 1947–, American writer, b. Newark, N.J. After publishing four volumes of poetry, he wrote his first novel, Squeeze Play (1982). A compelling…