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Beyazid I

(Encyclopedia) Beyazid IBeyazid Ibāyäzĭdˈ [key], 1347–1403, Ottoman sultan (1389–1402), son and successor of Murad I. He besieged Byzantine Emperor Manuel II at Constantinople, then overcame the…

Swabian League

(Encyclopedia) Swabian League, association of Swabian cities and other powers in SW Germany for the protection of trade and for regional peace. The Swabian League of 1488–1534 is the best known of…

Passau

(Encyclopedia) PassauPassaupäsˈou [key], city (1994 pop. 51,041), Bavaria, SE Germany, at the confluence of the Danube, Inn, and Ilz rivers, near the border with Austria. It is a river port, rail…

Sickingen, Franz von

(Encyclopedia) Sickingen, Franz vonSickingen, Franz vonfränts fən zĭˈkĭngən [key], 1481–1523, German knight. Placed under the ban of the Holy Roman Empire because of his profitable forays along the…

Shapur I

(Encyclopedia) Shapur IShapur Ishäp&oomacr;rˈ [key] or Sapor IShapur Isäˈpôr [key], d.272, king of Persia (241–72), son and successor of Ardashir I, of the Sassanid, or Sassanian, dynasty. He was…

Frederick I, Holy Roman emperor and German king

(Encyclopedia) Frederick I or Frederick BarbarossaFrederick Ibärbərôsˈə [key] [Ital.,=red beard], c.1125–90, Holy Roman emperor (1155–90) and German king (1152–90), son of Frederick of Hohenstaufen,…

M. Aurelius Antoninus

M. Aurelius Antoninus by George Long, M. A. M. ANTONINUS was born at Rome A.D. 121, on the 26th of April. His father Annius Verus died while he was praetor. His mother was Domitia Calvilla…

China: Rulers

See this list of Chinese Dynasties.Liu Pang, founder of the Han dynasty (206–195 B.C.)Wu-ti, posthumous temple name of the fifth emperor (140–87 B.C.) of the Han dynastyWang Mang, Chinese…

Hapsburg

(Encyclopedia) Hapsburg or HabsburgHapsburgboth: hăpsˈbûrg, Ger. häpsˈb&oobreve;rk [key], ruling house of Austria (1282–1918). In the 19th cent. the Hapsburg position was challenged in…

The Federalist Papers: Federalist No. 19

by AlexanderHamilton, JamesMadison and JohnJayFederalist No. 18Federalist No. 20Federalist No. 19 The Same Subject Continued (The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the…