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Simancas

(Encyclopedia) SimancasSimancassēmängˈkäs [key], village, Valladolid prov., NW Spain, in Castile and León. The castle, an old fort rebuilt in the 15th cent., contains the Spanish national archives.…

Rudolf

(Encyclopedia) Rudolf, 1858–89, Austrian archduke, crown prince of Austria and Hungary; only son of Emperor Francis Joseph and Empress Elizabeth. Upon his mysterious death at Mayerling near Vienna (…

Portugal: Kings, Queens, Presidents

Kings and Queens AIfonso I (1128-1185) Sancho I (1185-1211) AIfonso II (1211-1223) Sancho II (1223-1245) AIfonso III (1248-1279) Diniz (1279-1325) AIfonso IV (1325-1357) Pedro I (1357-1367…

John Chrysostom, Saint

(Encyclopedia) John Chrysostom, SaintJohn Chrysostom, Saintkrĭsˈəstəm, krĭsŏsˈ– [key] [Gr.,=golden-mouth], c.347–407, Doctor of the Church, one of the greatest of the Greek Fathers. He was born in…

Ambrose, Saint

(Encyclopedia) Ambrose, SaintAmbrose, Saintămˈbrōz [key], 340?–397, bishop of Milan, Doctor of the Church, b. Trier, of Christian parents. Educated at Rome, he became (c.372) governor of Liguria and…

Pius VII

(Encyclopedia) Pius VII, 1740–1823, pope (1800–1823), an Italian named Barnaba Chiaramonti, b. Cesena; successor of Pius VI, who had created him cardinal in 1785. He conducted himself ably during the…

Austria: Rulers

Emperors Franz I, last Holy Roman Emperor, first Emperor of Austria (1804–1835) Ferdinand I (1835–1848) Franz Joseph I (1848–1916) Karl I, last emperor of Austria (1916–1918) Presidents Franz…

India: Rulers

Maurya, ancient Indian dynasty (c.325–c.183 B.C.)Asoka, Indian emperor (c.273–c.232 B.C.) of the Maurya dynastyHarsha, Indian emperor (606–47)Prithvi Raj, ruler of the Chauan dynasty of N.…

Leo IV, Saint, pope

(Encyclopedia) Leo IV, Saint, d. 855, pope (847–55), a Roman; successor of Sergius II. He had seen the Saracen attack on Rome (846), and to prevent its recurrence he fortified the city and its…

Legnano

(Encyclopedia) LegnanoLegnanolānyäˈnō [key], city (1991 pop. 50,018), Lombardy, NW Italy, near Milan. Manufactures of this important industrial center include plastics, steel, machinery, and textiles…