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Tu Youyou

(Encyclopedia) Tu Youyou, 1930–, Chinese pharmaceutical chemist, B.S. Peking Univ. School of Medicine, 1955. Tu has spent her entire career as a researcher at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese…

Hailar

(Encyclopedia) HailarHailarhīˈlärˈ [key], city (1994 est. pop. 192,400), Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region., China, on the Hailar (Argun) River. It is an agricultural production center on the Chinese…

Taoism

Taoism, one of the major religions of China, is based on ancient philosophical works, primarily the Tao Te Ching, “Classic of Tao and Its Virtue.” Traditionally, this book was thought to be the work…

Red Guards

(Encyclopedia) Red Guards, in Chinese history, politically active students of the Cultural Revolution (1966–69), who organized units to carry out Mao Zedong's aim of rerevolutionizing Chinese society…

Liu Chih-chi

(Encyclopedia) Liu Chih-chiLiu Chih-chily&oomacr; jûr-jē [key], 661–721, Chinese T'ang dynasty historian. Drawing on experience gained while working on histories of the preceding dynasties, he…

Liu Xiaobo

(Encyclopedia) Liu XiaoboLiu Xiaoboly&oomacr; shoubō [key], 1955–2017, Chinese literary critic, poet, and political and human-rights activist, b. Changchun, grad. Jilin Univ. (B.A., 1982),…

Sino-Tibetan languages

(Encyclopedia) Sino-Tibetan languages, family of languages spoken by over a billion people in central and SE Asia. This linguistic family is second only to the Indo-European stock in the number of…

Pirithoüs

(Encyclopedia) Pirithoüs or PeirithoüsPeirithoüsboth: pīrĭthˈōəs [key], in Greek mythology, king of the Lapithae. He and Theseus swore an oath of eternal friendship. Together they went on the…

Hu Shih

(Encyclopedia) Hu ShihHu Shihh&oomacr; shŭr [key], 1891–1962, Chinese philosopher and essayist, leading liberal intellectual in the May Fourth Movement (1917–23). He studied under John Dewey at…

Ch'in Chiu-shao

(Encyclopedia) Ch'in Chiu-shaoCh'in Chiu-shaochĭn chy&oomacr;-shou [key], c.1202–1261, Chinese mathematician. He pioneered in the study of indeterminate analysis in his Mathematical Treatise in…