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Eschenbach, Christoph

(Encyclopedia) Eschenbach, Christoph, 1940–, German conductor and pianist, b. Breslau, Germany (now Wrocław, Poland), as Christoph Ringmann. Orphaned during World War II, he was adopted by Wallydore…

Casals, Pablo (Pau)

(Encyclopedia) Casals, Pablo (Pau)Casals, Pablo (Pau)päˈblō käsälsˈ, pou [key], 1876–1973, Spanish virtuoso cellist and conductor. Casals is considered the greatest 20th-century master of the cello…

Ivan VI

(Encyclopedia) Ivan VI, 1740–64, czar of Russia (1740–41), great-grandson of Ivan V. He was the son of Prince Anthony Ulric of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel and of Anna Leopoldovna. An infant, he succeeded…

Radom

(Encyclopedia) RadomRadomräˈdôm [key], city (1993 est. pop. 230,500), Mazowieckie prov., SE Poland. It is a railway junction and an industrial center. The main products are textiles, glassware,…

Francis II, king of France

(Encyclopedia) Francis II, 1544–60, king of France (1559–60), son of King Henry II and Catherine de' Medici. He married (1558) Mary Queen of Scots (Mary Stuart), and during his brief reign the…

Saint Bartholomew's Day, massacre of

(Encyclopedia) Saint Bartholomew's Day, massacre of, murder of French Protestants, or Huguenots, that began in Paris on Aug. 24, 1572. It was preceded, on Aug. 22, by an attempt, ordered by Catherine…

motet

(Encyclopedia) motetmotetmōtĕtˈ [key], name for the outstanding type of musical composition of the 13th cent. and for a different type that originated in the Renaissance. The 13th-century motet, a…

baroque, in music

(Encyclopedia) baroque, in music, a style that prevailed from the last decades of the 16th cent. to the first decades of the 18th cent. Its beginnings were in the late 16th-century revolt against…

2001 Gramophone Awards

Record of the Year and Orchestral Vaughan Williams, A London Symphonyand Butterworth, The Banks of Green Willow, London Symphony…

symphony

(Encyclopedia) symphony [Gr.,=sounding together], a sonata for orchestra. The Italian operatic overture, called sinfonia, was standardized by Alessandro Scarlatti at the end of the 17th cent. into…