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Bol, Ferdinand

(Encyclopedia) Bol, FerdinandBol, Ferdinandfĕrˈdĭnänt bôl [key], 1616–80, Dutch painter. He studied with Rembrandt in Amsterdam, and his early work (e.g., Elizabeth Bas, Amsterdam) has sometimes been…

Hubertusburg, Peace of

(Encyclopedia) Hubertusburg, Peace ofHubertusburg, Peace ofh&oomacr;bĕrˈt&oobreve;sb&oobreve;rkh [key], 1763, treaty signed on Feb. 15 between Austria and Prussia at the end of the Seven…

Francis II, Holy Roman emperor

(Encyclopedia) Francis II, 1768–1835, last Holy Roman emperor (1792–1806), first emperor of Austria as Francis I (1804–35), king of Bohemia and of Hungary (1792–1835). He succeeded his father,…

Cohn, Ferdinand

(Encyclopedia) Cohn, FerdinandCohn, Ferdinandfĕrˈdĕnänt kōn [key], 1828–98, German botanist. He is considered a founder of the science of bacteriology. From his early studies of microscopic life he…

Freiligrath, Ferdinand

(Encyclopedia) Freiligrath, FerdinandFreiligrath, Ferdinandfĕrˈdēnänt frīˈlĭkhrät [key], 1810–76, German poet. In 1844 he expressed radically liberal sentiments in his collection of political verse…

Medici, Ferdinand I de'

(Encyclopedia) Medici, Ferdinand I de', 1549–1609, grand duke of Tuscany (1587–1609); brother and successor of Francesco de' Medici. He was made a cardinal in his youth, and he built the famous Villa…

Baur, Ferdinand Christian

(Encyclopedia) Baur, Ferdinand ChristianBaur, Ferdinand Christianfĕrˈdĭnänt krĭsˈtēän bour [key], 1792–1860, German Protestant theologian. He was from 1826 on the theological faculty of Tübingen. He…

Ramuz, Charles Ferdinand

(Encyclopedia) Ramuz, Charles FerdinandRamuz, Charles Ferdinandshärl fĕrdēnäNˈ rämüzˈ [key], 1878–1947, Swiss novelist. His works deal with the simple people of his native canton of Vaud. Among his…

Hapsburg, Otto von

(Encyclopedia) Hapsburg, Otto von, 1912–2011, Austrian archduke and former pretender to the Austro-Hungarian throne, son of Emperor Charles I and Empress Zita. After World War II began, he went to…

Medici, Cosimo II de'

(Encyclopedia) Medici, Cosimo II de', 1590–1621, grand duke of Tuscany (1609–21); son and successor of Ferdinand I de' Medici. Although Cosimo played a role in the War of the Mantuan Succession, he…