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Songhai

(Encyclopedia) Songhai or SonghaySonghaiboth: sŏngˈgīˈ [key], largest of the former empires in the western Sudan region of N Africa. The state was founded (c.700) by Berbers on the Middle Niger, in…

Palakkad

(Encyclopedia) PalakkadPalakkadpälək-kädˈ [key] or formerly PalghatPalghatpälgôtˈ [key], town (2011 pop. 130,955), Kerala state, SW India. It commands the Palakkad, or Palghat, Gap, the major pass…

Muzaffar ad-Din

(Encyclopedia) Muzaffar ad-DinMuzaffar ad-Dinm&oomacr;zäf-färˈ äd-dēnˈ [key], 1853–1907, shah of Persia (1896–1907), son of Nasir ad-Din. A weak ruler, he borrowed money from Russia and failed to…

Ahmad Mirza

(Encyclopedia) Ahmad MirzaAhmad Mirzaäkhmädˈ mērzäˈ [key], 1898–1930, shah of Persia (1909–25), son of Muhammad Ali. The last of the Qajar dynasty, he came to power as a result of a coup against his…

Zia ul-Haq, Mohammad

(Encyclopedia) Zia ul-Haq, Mohammad, 1924–88, Pakistani military and political leader. Named general and chief of staff by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in 1976, he declared martial law in July, 1977, in…

Selim III

(Encyclopedia) Selim III, 1761–1808, Ottoman sultan (1789–1807), nephew and successor of Abd al-Hamid I to the throne of the Ottoman Empire (Turkey). He suffered severe defeats in the second of the…

Kenesaw Mountain Landis

Kenesaw Mountain LandisBorn: Nov. 20, 1866U.S. District Court judge who became first baseball commissioner (1920-44) banned eight Chicago Black Sox from baseball for life.Died: Nov. 25,…

Steve Largent

Steve LargentBorn: Sept. 28, 1954Football WR retired in 1989 after 14 years in Seattle with then NFL records in passes caught (819) and TD passes caught (100); elected to U.S. House of…

Hoveida, Amir Abbas

(Encyclopedia) Hoveida, Amir AbbasHoveida, Amir Abbasämērˈ äb-bäsˈ hōvāˈdä [key], 1919–79, Iranian political leader, prime minister of Iran (1965–77). After serving (1958–64) with the National…