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Dawes Act

(Encyclopedia) Dawes Act or General Allotment Act, 1887, passed by the U.S. Congress to provide for the granting of landholdings (allotments, usually 160 acres/65 hectares) to individual Native…

Gaveston, Piers

(Encyclopedia) Gaveston, PiersGaveston, Pierspērz găvˈəstən [key], d. 1312, favorite of Edward II of England. Son of a Gascon knight at the court of Edward I, he was a boyhood playmate of the future…

finder

(Encyclopedia) finder, in law. Ordinarily the finder of lost property is entitled to retain it against anyone except the owner. It is larceny, however, for the finder to keep the property if he knows…

annual

(Encyclopedia) annual, plant that germinates from seed, blossoms, produces seed, and dies within one year. Annuals propagate themselves by seed only, unlike many biennials and perennials. They are…

Burghers

(Encyclopedia) BurghersBurghersbûrˈgərz [key], in the 18th cent., a party of the Secession Church of Scotland, resulting from one of the “breaches” in the history of Presbyterianism. To qualify as a…

Bustamante, Sir Alexander

(Encyclopedia) Bustamante, Sir Alexander Bustamante, Sir Alexanderbŭsˌtəmănˈtē [key], 1884–1977, prime minister of Jamaica (1962–67). Born William Alexander Clarke, the son of an Irish father and a…

celestial pole

(Encyclopedia) celestial pole, one of the two points at which the earth's axis of rotation intersects the celestial sphere. The celestial pole is important as a reference point in the equatorial…

Zhivkov, Todor

(Encyclopedia) Zhivkov, TodorZhivkov, Todortôˈdôr zhĭvkôfˈ [key], 1911–98, Bulgarian political leader. A printer, and a Communist party member from 1932, he rose to prominence as a partisan leader…

blasting

(Encyclopedia) blasting, shattering, breaking, or splitting of rock or other material by the discharge of an explosive placed within or in contact with it. It is a necessary part of many engineering…

Bidault, Georges

(Encyclopedia) Bidault, GeorgesBidault, Georgeszhôrzh bēdōˈ [key], 1899–1983, French political leader. An influential columnist (1932–39), he was imprisoned (1940–41) in World War II and then joined…