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alien

(Encyclopedia) alien, in law, any person residing in one political community while owing allegiance to another. A procedure known as naturalization permits aliens to become citizens. Each nation…

Paris Pacts

(Encyclopedia) Paris Pacts, four international agreements signed in Paris on Oct. 23, 1954, to establish a new international status for West Germany. Since the end of World War II, West Germany had…

world soul

(Encyclopedia) world soul, Lat. anima mundi, in philosophy, term denoting a universal spirit or soul that functions as an organizing principle. While many early Greek philosophers saw the world as of…

cold war

(Encyclopedia) cold war, term used to describe the shifting struggle for power and prestige between the Western powers and the Communist bloc from the end of World War II until 1989. Of worldwide…

Bulgaria Department of State Background

U.S. Department of State Background Note Bulgaria Index: Geography and People Historical Highlights Government and Political Conditions Economy Defense Foreign Relations U.S.-Bulgarian Relations…

The Armenian Genocide of 1915

100 years later, some still refuse to acknowledge a genocide occurred in Armenia Armenian Genocide Memorial in Yerevan, Armenia   Related Links Armenia Profile Turkey…

Charles XIII, king of Sweden and Norway

(Encyclopedia) Charles XIII, 1748–1818, king of Sweden (1809–18) and Norway (1814–18). He became regent for his nephew, Gustavus IV, after the assassination (1792) of his brother Gustavus III. He…