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Bailyn, Bernard

(Encyclopedia) Bailyn, BernardBailyn, Bernardbāˈlĭn [key], 1922–2020, U.S. historian, b. Hartford, Conn. After receiving his Ph.D. from Harvard (1953), he taught U.S. colonial history there, becoming…

Schumacher, Michael

(Encyclopedia) Schumacher, MichaelSchumacher, Michaelsh&oomacr;ˈmäkhər [key], 1969–, German auto race driver, b. Hürth-Hermühlheim. Regarded as the best Formula 1 (F1) driver of his era, he…

Schengen Agreement

(Encyclopedia) Schengen AgreementSchengen Agreementshĕngˈən [key], agreement signed in 1985 in Schengen, Luxembourg, by several European Community (now the European Union; EU) to establish a mutual…

Orbiting Solar Observatory

(Encyclopedia) Orbiting Solar Observatory (OSO), series of eight orbiting observatories (see observatory, orbiting) launched between 1962 and 1971 by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration…

Penderecki, Krzysztof

(Encyclopedia) Penderecki, KrzysztofPenderecki, Krzysztofkshĭshˈtôf pändĕrĕtsˈkē [key], 1933–2020, Polish composer. His music is characterized by unusual sonorities, and he devised his own system of…

Shrewsbury, Charles Talbot, duke of

(Encyclopedia) Shrewsbury, Charles Talbot, duke ofShrewsbury, Charles Talbot, duke ofshrōzˈbərē, shr&oomacr;zˈ– [key], 1660–1718, English statesman. Brought up a Roman Catholic, he embraced…

Bastille

(Encyclopedia) BastilleBastillebăstēlˈ [key] [O.Fr.,=fortress], fortress and state prison in Paris, located, until its demolition (started in 1789), near the site of the present Place de la Bastille…

Sancroft, William

(Encyclopedia) Sancroft, WilliamSancroft, Williamsăngˈkrôft [key], 1617–93, English prelate, archbishop of Canterbury. His opposition to Calvinist doctrine caused him to remain abroad during the…

Ruysbroeck, John

(Encyclopedia) Ruysbroeck, John, Dutch Jan van RuusbroecRuysbroeck, John,yän vän roisˈbr&oomacr;k [key], 1293–1381, Roman Catholic mystic, b. Brabant (now in Belgium and the Netherlands). He was…

Roger II

(Encyclopedia) Roger II, c.1095–1154, count (1101–30) and first king (1130–54) of Sicily, son and successor of Roger I. He conquered (1127) Apulia and Salerno and sided with the antipope Anacletus II…