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Williams, Betty

(Encyclopedia) Williams, Betty, 1943–2020, Northern Irish peace activist, b. Belfast as Elizabeth Smyth. In Aug., 1976, Williams, a receptionist, witnessed the death of three children when a car…

Bazard, Saint-Amand

(Encyclopedia) Bazard, Saint-AmandBazard, Saint-AmandsăNtämäNˈ bäzärˈ [key], 1791–1832, French socialist. He founded (1818) a republican society, Les Amis de la vérité [Friends of Truth], and was a…

Root, Elihu

(Encyclopedia) Root, Elihu, 1845–1937, American cabinet member and diplomat, b. Clinton, N.Y. Admitted to the bar in 1867, he practiced law in New York City, became prominent in Republican politics,…

Reform party, in the United States

(Encyclopedia) Reform party, in the United States, political party founded in 1995 by H. Ross Perot as an alternative to the Democratic and Republican parties. The Reform party's aims originally…

Coolidge, Calvin

(Encyclopedia) Coolidge, Calvin, 1872–1933, 30th President of the United States (1923–29), b. Plymouth, Vt. John Calvin Coolidge was a graduate of Amherst College and was admitted to the bar in 1897…

Cleveland, Grover

(Encyclopedia) Cleveland, Grover (Stephen Grover Cleveland), 1837–1908, 22d (1885–89) and 24th (1893–97) President of the United States, b. Caldwell, N.J.; son of a Presbyterian clergyman. Cleveland'…

Ruef, Abraham

(Encyclopedia) Ruef, Abraham (Abe Ruef)Ruef, Abrahamr&oomacr;f [key], 1864–1936, American political boss, b. San Francisco. He practiced law in San Francisco after 1886 and became a familiar…

Salmerón y Alonso, Nicolás

(Encyclopedia) Salmerón y Alonso, NicolásSalmerón y Alonso, Nicolásnēkōläsˈ sälmārōnˈ ē älōnˈsō [key], 1838–1908, Spanish statesman and philosopher. A professor at Oviedo and Madrid universities and…

Sackville, Lionel Sackville-West, 2d Baron

(Encyclopedia) Sackville, Lionel Sackville-West, 2d Baron, 1827–1908, British diplomat. He served in numerous diplomatic posts before being appointed (1881) ambassador to the United States. He helped…

Stewart, William Morris

(Encyclopedia) Stewart, William Morris, 1827–1909, American lawyer and political leader, b. Wayne co., N.Y. After migrating to California in 1850 he engaged in mining and held several state elective…