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collateral

(Encyclopedia) collateralcollateralkəlătˈərəl [key], something of value given or pledged as security for payment of a loan. Collateral consists usually of financial instruments, such as stocks, bonds…

Croix, Carlos Francisco de Croix, marqués de

(Encyclopedia) Croix, Carlos Francisco de Croix, marqués deCroix, Carlos Francisco de Croix, marqués dekärˈlōs fränthēsˈkō dā krəwäˈ märkāsˈ dā krəwäˈ [key], 1699–1786, Spanish colonial administrator…

Gozzoli, Benozzo

(Encyclopedia) Gozzoli, BenozzoGozzoli, Benozzobānôtˈtsō gôtˈtsōlē [key], 1420–97, Florentine painter, whose real name was Benozzo di Lese. He was apprenticed to Fra Angelico, first in Florence and…

hallucination

(Encyclopedia) hallucination, false perception characterized by a distortion of real sensory stimuli. Common types of hallucination are auditory, i.e., hearing voices or noises and visual, i.e.,…

María Luisa

(Encyclopedia) María LuisaMaría Luisamärēˈä [key]María Luisal&oomacr;ēˈsä [key], 1751–1819, queen of Spain, daughter of Duke Philip of Parma, consort of King Charles IV. Dissolute and…

Martinelli, Ricardo

(Encyclopedia) Martinelli, Ricardo (Ricardo Alberto Martinelli Berrocal) 1952–, Panamanian business executive and political leader. The son of Italian immigrants, he became the head of a successful…

Meyerbeer, Giacomo

(Encyclopedia) Meyerbeer, GiacomoMeyerbeer, Giacomojäˈkōmō mīˈyərbĕr [key], 1791–1864, German operatic composer. He traveled in Italy and experimented in various styles of composition, but his real…

Duran

(Encyclopedia) Duran,&sp;DurandDuran,both: düräNˈ [key], or DuranteDuran,düräNtˈ [key], Jewish family of scholars. Profiat Isaac ben Moshe ha-Levi Duran, 1350–1414, called Efodi, was born…

Kamprad, Ingvar Feodor

(Encyclopedia) Kamprad, Ingvar Feodor, 1926–, Swedish business executive. In 1943 he founded IKEA, which began selling low-priced furniture in 1947. In the 1950s the company began designing its own…

Leo IX, Saint, pope

(Encyclopedia) Leo IX, Saint, 1002–54, pope (1049–54), a German named Bruno of Toul, b. Alsace; successor of Damasus II. A relative of Holy Roman Emperor Henry III, he was educated at Toul and was…